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WJEC CG3.3
Topic 3: Data Representation, type and Structures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Logical shift | 0 is shifted in |
| Arithmetic shift | the sign is preserved. Multiplication effect if shifted to the left, division effect if shifted to the right. |
| Queue (application) | a printer queue, a keyboard buffer; a download buffer; a processor scheduling queue |
| Floating point form (advantage) | Greater range of (positive/negative) numbers can be stored in the same number of bits |
| Problems of Floating point | Are not normally stored completely accurately; require more complex processing; no exact representation of zero |
| Floating point form (convert 18.5) | 0100 1010 0000 0101, 18 -> 10010, .5 -> .1 |
| ASCII (advantage) | enables computer (systems) to communicate with each other easily; use of (mainly) just one code avoids confusion |
| Binary Tree (unbalanced) | Access times would increase / it would be slower. |
| Hexadecimal to binary | The binary number can be split into groups of 4 digits/bits then each group converted to hexadecimal representation. 01011110 0101 1110 5E 1 |
| Data structure | is a group / set / collection of related data items / elements. Examples: stack; queue; array; linked list; binary tree; string; record. |
| Stack (application) | could be subprogram return addresses (also undo / back, etc). The idea of winding back nesting of subprograms |
| Two’s Complement | Understand and apply the concept i.e. -1910 is 111011012 (using 8 bits) From RHS, rewrite it up to and including the first one; Change other 1 digits to 0 and 0 digits to 1; Correct working and answer for example 00001000 -> xxxx1000 -> 11111000 1 |
| Linked List (Description) | A linked list is a set of data elements, where each element contains the data itself, and a pointer to the next element. |
| Linked List (Benefits) | New items can be inserted into a linked list without rearranging all the other elements; If programmed dynamically uses memory more efficiently. |
| Linked Lists (Drawback) | A linked list is more complex to program / manipulate than an array; Extra programming is required to access the data in the opposite direction (or the list needs to be doubly linked); Can only be accessed in a linear manner. |
| Rounding | number is approximated to nearest whole number/tenth/hundredth, etc. |
| Truncating | number is approximated to whole number/tenth/hundredth, etc. nearer zero i.e for instance 34.7 rounded to nearest whole number is 35. 34.7 truncated to whole number is 34. |
| Rounding vs Truncating | In many cases, rounding tends to give an answer closer to the original number than truncating. |
| Rounding/Truncating (problems) | a test for equality might fail if a minor difference is caused by rounding; in some applications a high level of accuracy is vital and rounding may reduce this accuracy. |
| Array | is a set of data elements of the same type; has its elements accessed via index(es), subscript(s), row/column names; has a fixed/pre-determined number of elements. |
| Record | A record is a set of data items all related to a single individual / entity etc; It can contain data of different types. |
| Floating Point (Convert 22.75), Man(16), Exp(4) | 01011011000000000101 |
| Floating Point (Convert 24.25), Man(12), Exp(4) | 011000010000 0101 |
| Sign/Magnitude (1000000000001001) | -9 |
| ASCII character set | enables computer (systems) to communicate with each other easily; use of (mainly) just one code avoids confusion. |
| Overflow | occurs when the number is too large to be stored (satisfactorily) by the computer. |
| Underflow | occurs when the number is very close to zero (Condone too small) to be stored (satisfactorily) by the computer. |
Created by:
mcounsell
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