click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Finance
GCSE Business Finance
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fixed Costs | Costs which do not vary with the output produced such as rent, business rates, advertising costs, admin costs and salaries. |
| Total Costs | All the costs of a business, it is equal to fixed costs plus variable costs. |
| Variable costs | Costs which change directly with the number of products made by a business e.g. raw materials. |
| Revenue | The amount of income received for selling goods and services. |
| Total revenue = | Number of products sold X price |
| Total Costs = | FC + VC |
| Profit = | TR-TC |
| Cash | Notes, coins and money in the bank. |
| Cashflow | The flow of cash in and out of the business |
| Inflow | The cash flowing into the business, its receipts. |
| Outflow | The cash flowing out of the business, its payments. |
| Net Cash Flow | The receipts minus its payments |
| Insolvency | When a business can no longer pay its debts. |
| Cash Flow Forecast | A prediction of how cash will flow through a business is a period of time. |
| Opening balance | The amount of money in a business at the start of the month |
| Closing balance | The amount of money in a business at the end of the month. |
| Cumulative cash flow | The sum of cash that flows into a business overtime. |
| Trade credit | Where a supplier gives a customer a period of time to p[ay a bill for goods and services once they have been delivered. |
| Stocks | Materials that a business holds. |
| Business Plan | A plan for the development of a business giving forecasts of items such as sales, costs and cash flow. |
| Long term finance | Sources of money for businesses that are borrowed or invested for more than a year, |
| Short term finance | Sources of money for businesses that are borrowed or invested for less than a year, |
| Share | A part ownership in a business |
| Personal savings | Money that has been set aside |
| Share capital | The monetary value of a company which belongs to its shareholders. |
| Shareholders | The owners of a company. |
| Venture Capitalist | An individual or company which buys shares in what they hope will be a fast growing company with a long term view of selling the shares at a profit. |
| Loan | Borrowing a sum of money which has to be paid back with interest over s period of time. |
| Collateral | Assets owned by a business which are used to guarantee repayments of a loan. |
| Mortgage | A loan where property is used as security. |
| Dividend | A share of the profits of a company received by shareholders who own shares. |
| Retained profit | Profit which is kept back in the business and used to pay for investment in the business. |
| Leasing | Renting equipment or premises |
| Overdraft | Borrowing money from a bank by drawing out more money than is actually in a current account. Interest is charged on the amount overdrawn. |
| Factoring | A source of finance where a business is able to receive cash immediately for the invoices it has issued and sells the debts to a factor. |
| De Stocking | Reducing the level of stocks in a business |
| Breakeven Point | the level of output where total revenue are equal to total costs. Neither a profit or a loss is being made. |
| BEP= | TFC/SP-VC |
| Breakeven chart | A graph which shows total revenue and total costs, allowing the bep to be drawn. |
| Margin of safety | The difference between the output and the breakeven point. |
| Contribution = | SP-VC |
| Internal sources of finance | Finance from within the business e.g. sale of assets |
| External sources of finance | Finance from outside the business e.g. bank loan |
| Bonds | A long term loan where typically interest is paid at regular intervals like a year and the bond is repaid at the end of the life of the bond. These are traded on the stock market. |