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Hematology
Hemostasis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pupura | abnormal bleeding. |
| Wiskott-Aldrch syndrome | Smallest platelets seen |
| May-Hegglin anomaly | large platelets |
| Alports syndrome (hereditary) | Giant platelets and thrombocytopenia |
| Bernard-Soulier syndrome | largest platelets seen . Autosomal bleeding disorder, missing platelets glycoproteins |
| Increased utilization of platelets | intravascular coagulation,vascular injury, DIC, Trauma |
| Severe Liver disease | Decreased fibrinogen levels,Prolonged PT |
| Hemophilia A | Inherited. Factor 8 functionally inactive. Impairs coagulation ability. Male sex linked. |
| VonWillebrand Disease | Acquired. Associated with Lupus.prolonged bleeding times. |
| DIC | complication or result of other diseases. d dimer, pt, aptt all increased |
| Antithrombin III | Inhibits thrombin. Protease inhibitor. |
| Heparin Cofactor | inhibits thrombin. |
| Protein C | Major blood coagulation regulatory . Vit k dependent |
| APTT Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time | time required to make thrombin and fibrin polymers. Normal less then 35 sec Evulates XII,XI,VII,X,V,II and II using intrinsic |
| PT Prothrombin Time | Time required to generate thrombin and fibrin using extrinsic. Thromboplastin and Ca2+. Evulates VII,X,V,II or I |
| INR International Normal Ratio | Standardize the difference in sensitivity of thromboplastin reagents and the effects on PT assays |
| INR Ratio | INR= (PT/mean normal pro time) |