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Hematology
Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders MPD, Leukemia, Lymphomas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Proliferative Phases youngest to oldest | Myeloblast,Promyelocyte,Myelocyte,Metamyelocyte |
| Only way to identify myeloblast | Auer Rod |
| Myeloctye | no nucleoli, clumped cromatin, 12-18 micrometers |
| Monocytic-Macrophage Series | Monoblasts,promocytes, Monocytes |
| absolute Cell Counts | Total # of leukocytes x % of specific WBC= Absolute Count |
| LAP Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase | cytochemical stain. Differentiation of malignant disorders from leukomoid reactions. |
| Toxic granulation | azo granules. Precipitated RNA proteins. Infectious disease, burn, malignant disorders |
| Dohle Bodies | Light staining inclusions in neuts. viral infections burns or drugs. Seen in May-Hegglins anomaly |
| Hypersegmentation | associated with B12 , folate or megloblastic anemia |
| Pelger-Huet Anomaly | Acquired disorder. dumbell shaped, pence nez. Cell function is normal |
| May-Hegglin Anomaly | Genetic condition. Large granulated platelets in low volumes. |
| Chediak-Higashi Syndrome | Mutation of lysosomal trafficking and not working. Large granules in neuts. |
| Morphological Abnormalities of Mature Granulocytes | morulae in WBC gram neg bact. |
| Gauchers Disease | Lipid storage disease. 1-3 eccentric nuclei and wrinkled cytoplasm. |
| Lymphoblast | in bone marrow. N:C 4:1 |
| Prolymphocyte | seen in bone marrow and thymus. Oval to round with 0-1 nucleoli |
| Atypical lymphs | Downey cells, reactive, transformed or virocytes |
| Vacuolated lymphs associated with | Niemann-Pick Disease, Tay Sachs, Hulers and Burketts lymphoma |
| CMV | herpes DNA Virus. leukocytosis, abnormal liver function tests, IgM or IgG positive titer |
| Bordetella Pertussis Infection aka Whooping Cough | Bacterial Infection. Leukocytosis high as 100x10. Absolute lymphs 15-40 |
| DiGeorge Syndrome | increased helper to suppressor. low lymphs |
| Lupus | butterfly rash. Autoimmune disease. Positive ANA antibodies. Old test LE PREP. Titers greater then 1:32. |
| MPD Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders | closely related diseases characterized by normal cells with high production. |
| Examples of Myeloproliferative Disorders | Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia CML, Polycythemia Rubra Vera, Primary Myelofibrosis |
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia AKA Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia | Myeloproliferation of primitive hematopoetitic progenitor cells. Excessive increase in mature myeloid cells in peripheral blood |
| Philadelphia Chromosome | found in 90% in CML cases. translocation of chromosome 22 to 9 |
| LAP Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase | Differentiate CML and leukemoid reaction. Decreased in CML. Increased in Leukemoid reaction adn PCV. |
| Polycythemia Rubra Vera | Elevated RBC, leukocytosis and thrombocythemia. Increased RBC, HCT,HGB, decrease epo |
| Essential Throboythemia | elevated platelets 600x10 |
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes MDS | clonal disorders of the bone marrow resulting in increased proliferation and inadequate maturation or imbalance of one or more cell lines. |
| Major difference is the blast threshold for diagnosis of AML. WHO vs FAB | 20% blasts to 30% blasts |
| Examples of myelodysplastic syndromes MDS | Refractory anemia RA, chronic myelomoncytic leukemia, |
| Neoplastic | new growth |
| Proliferation | high volume |
| Lymphomas | malignant tumor of lymph nodes and associated leukocytes in the bone tissue |
| Special cytochemical stains applied to | blood and bone marrow and reflect the chemical composition of the cells using color reactions. |
| Sudan Black B stain | Stains the lipid membrane black in mature neutrophilic ganulocyte. Used to differentiate AML from ALL |
| Myeloperoxidase stain MPX | positive reactions intensifies with maturity of the cell. Myeloblasts strong positive, Lymphocytes negative. Differentiate acute monocytic and acute myelogenous leukemias from ALL |
| Periodic Acid Schiff Stain PAS | Aldehydes>> bright red-pink lymphoblasts. Myloblasts negative |
| Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphate Stain LAP | Differentiates between Chronic Myelogenous leukemia and leukomoid reaction seen in severe infection or inflammation. |
| Hary Cell Leukemia | Variant of CLL. Predominance of B lymphocytes. Hairlike projections cytoplasmic projections, slate blue cytoplasm. |
| Multiple myeloma | Bone pain. Anemia, increased volume, rouleaux, Bence Jones Proteins in urine precipitates at 56 degree. M spike--- IgG |
| Waldenstrom | IgM |
| Hodgkins Lymphoma | abnormalaties of B lymphocytes. Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes- giant binuclear cells with red nucleus ( acidophilic nuclei). Peripheral blood not involved. |
| Burkitts lymphoma | associated with EBV. High proliferation rate of cells. Translocation of chromosome 8 and 2 , 22 and 14 |
| Defining characteristic of Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia | Many blast cells with an absolute lymphocytosis |
| Factors related to leukemia include | genetic,radiation, chemicals,infectious agents |
| Finding 50-90% myeloblasts on a peripheral blood sample | myelobibrosis with myeloid metaplasia |
| This finding in ALL can help differentiate if from AML | Positivity for CD 19 and CD 22 |
| Harry Cell leukemia is | a chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| Most childhood leukemias are | acute lymphocytic |
| Commonly has B cell origin | Waldenstroms macroglobinemia |
| CLL is classically | B cell disorder |
| A common characteristic of ALL is | bone and joint pain |
Created by:
Kateskate
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