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WVSOM -- Physio
WVSOM -- Flux of electrolytes and water
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How much fluid enters small intestine? | 7-10L |
| How much fluid enters colon? | 600ml |
| Whow much fluid is excreted? | 100ml |
| Where is most of the water absorbed? | small intestine |
| In what is tehre a net absorption? | Na, Cl and water |
| What is there a net secretion of? | K and HCO3 |
| What are the 5 mechanisms of Na reabsorption? | 1. co-transport with sugars or amino acids 2. thru Na channels (colon) 3. Co-transport with Cl- 4. Counter-transport with H 5. Solvent drag (significant in duodenum and jejunum); less so elsewhere |
| In the proximal bowel, what kind of transport predominates? | counter transport with H, and co-transport with solutes (sugars adn AA) predominates |
| How is Cl absorbed in teh ileum? | along the electrical gradient |
| What is Na co-transported with in the ileum? | Cl- |
| What kind of exhange occurs in the distal ileum and increases in the colon? | chloride/HCO3- |
| NA/H, Cl/HCO3 Counter transport | exchange occurs in the distal ileum and increases in the colon |
| How is K absorbed in the small inetestine? | by passive diffusion thru paracellular spaces |
| Where is there a net absorption and net secretion of K? | Net absorption in small intestine Net secretion in colon |
| What is the primary mechanism of Na in the colon? | Na channels are under teh control of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone). |
| What happens to K in the colon? | can be absorbed or secreted depending on the luminal content. |
| What does aldosterone do? | Promotes Na absorption and K secretion. Increases Na channel activity, K channel activity and increases activity of the basolateral Na/K pump |
| What is K secretion dependent on? | increased flow rate increases K secretion as in diarrhea |
| Where is most water absorbed? | small intestine |
| What is the major source of water adn electrolytes in diarrheic stool | small intestine |
| Why does rpolonged diarrhea result in hypokalemic metabolic acidosis? | Because of teh secretion of K and the exchange of Cl for HCO3 in the colon |
| What does cAMP, cGMP, and CA++ do to K secretion? | increases K secretion |
| How do Epsom salt laxative work? | Hypertonic in the colon and thus draws water into the gut. |
| Name two conditions that could lead to an osmotic diarrhea and explain how this happens. | Lactase deficiency and protozan. Things that will destroy the brush border and wipe out the enzymes needed for carbohydrate and protein digestion leaving the stuff in the gut lumen. |
| Give examples where cAMP, cGMP and Ca++ can open the Cl channel at the apical membranes. | CFTR Prancreatic ductal Cl- channels Cl- channels in colon |
| What are normal secretogues? | ACH (inc. Ca) Secretin and VIP (inc. cAMP) |
| What are abnormal secretogues | Cholera (inc. cAMP) E. coli (inc. cAMP) |
| Oral rehydration therapy | utilizes the co-transport of Na with solutes (sugar and AA) to increase water absorption in the small intestine. |
Created by:
tjamrose
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