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9 weeks history test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| protective tariff | taxes that would make imported goods cost more than those made locally |
| laissez faire | a policy which allowed businesses to operate under minimal government regulation |
| ICC | a government body set up to oversee railroad operations |
| sherman antitrust act | a bill passed in 1890 which outlawed any trust that operated "in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states" |
| knights of labor | a labor union that included workers of any trade, skilled or unskilled |
| AFL | a loose organization of skilled workers from many unions devoted to specific crafts or trades |
| Ellis island | island in new york harbor that served as an immigration station for millions of immigrants arriving to the united states |
| angel island | immigrant processing station that opened in San Francisco Bay in 1910 |
| americanization | belief that assimilating immigrants into american society would make them more loyal citizens |
| gilded age | term coined by Mark Twain to describe the post-Reconstruction era which was characterized by a decade of prosperity |
| Farmers Alliance | network of farmers' organizations that worked for political and economic reforms in the late 1800s |
| Dawes general allotment act | 1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots |
| gold standard | using gold as the basis of the nation's currency |
| the grange | an organization of farmers who joined to learn about new farming techniques, to call for the regulation of railroad and grain elevator rates, and to prompt the establishment of the ICC |
| the populist party | a political party formed in 1892 on a platform of silver coinage, government ownership of the railroads, and fighting the corrupt and unresponsive elite |
| Matthew perry | U.S. naval commander who sailed a fleet into Tokyo Bay and opened trade with Japan in 1853 |
| social Darwinism | belief that Darwin's theory of the survival of the fittest should be applied to societies, justifying imperialism |
| Rough riders | volunteer cavalry unit assembled by Theodore Roosevelt, famous for their 1898 charge at San Juan Hill |
| treaty of paris | ended the Spanish-american war and included U.S. acquisition of Puerto Rico and the purchase of the philippines |
| open door policy | secretary of states john hay's policy of opposing European colonies and "spheres of influence" in China |
| League of Nations | world organization to promote peaceful cooperation between countries |
| zimmerman note | a telegram in which the German foreign minister proposed an alliance with Mexico against the U.S. |
| Henry Ford | applied mass production techniques to manufacture automobiles; initiated changes that had a major impact on wages, working conditions, and daily life |
| Andrew Mellon | secretary of the treasury under president harding; favored low taxes, a balanced budget, and less business regulation |
| teapot dome scandal | secretary of the interior albert fall took bribes in return for leasing federal oil reserves to private companies |
| harlem renaissance | the flowering of african american arts and literature in 1920s New York. |
| Oliver H. Kelley | a Minnesota farmer and businessman who organized the Grange |
| William Jennings Bryan | the Democratic nominee for president in 1896, who supported many Populist principles including silver coinage, and who toured the country to speak directly to voters |
| William McKinley | the Republican candidate for president in 1896, who followed a traditional strategy of letting party workers campaign for him |
| Jim Crow laws | laws that kept blacks and whites segregated |
| poll tax | a tax which voters were required to pay to vote |
| literacy test | a test, given at the polls to see if a voter could read, used to disenfranchise black citizens |
| grandfather clause | a law which allowed a person to vote only if his ancestors had voted prior to 1866, also used to disenfranchise black citizens |
| Booker T. Washington | the most famous black leader during the late 19th century, he encouraged African Americans to build up their economic resources through hard work |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | a black leader in the late 19th century who disagreed with Washington and argued that blacks should demand full and immediate equality |
| Ida B. Wells | an African American teacher who bought a newspaper and embarked on a lifelong crusade against the practice of lynching |
| Las Gorras Blancas | a group of Mexican Americans who protested their loss of land in the Southwest by targeting the property of large ranch owners |
Created by:
mirandareese96
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