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OT Skills
Splinting Intro
| SPLINTING | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPLINT VS ORTHOSIS | splinting is temporary | orthosis is made of higher temp material | ||||
| Static splint | immobilizes | prevents deformities | prevents soft tissue contracture | substitute for loss of motor function | ||
| Dynamic splint | control motion | correct deformity | fracture alignment | substitute for loss of motion | ||
| Handling characteristics | memory- ability to return to its original shape | drapability ( ease of conformability with minimum effort | elasticity- resistance to stretch | bonding- ability to stick to itself | self finishing edges | shrinkage- shrinks when cooled |
| Splint components | c-bar, connector bar, cross bar, deviation bar | metacarpal bar, reinforcement bar, palmar phalangeal bar | cuff | thumb post | forearm trough, palmar trough | |
| Arches of hand | proximal transverse- croses distal carpals (wrist area- only rigid arch ) | distal transverse- crosses distal palmar crease | Longitudinal-runs long. through hand | |||
| Creases | aligned with joints | shows where joints are and can help map out pressure points | distal palmar crease (MCP) | Thenar crease- (cmc of thumb) | ||
| Abnormal patterns | occure due to mechanical or neurological change in hand | |||||
| Splinting positions hand to | substitute for motor control ( radial deviation splint prevents ulnar drifting of fingers) | prevent deformity- airplane splint keeps arms elevated to prevemt contractures in axilla (burns) | rest an extremity (hand splint, wrist cock up) | |||
| Mechanical advantage | splint allows for distribution of force over a large area so force is minimized at most proximal and distal ends and therefore skin damage | (resitance arm/effort arm) x resistance force =effort force | mechanical advantage is at least 2:1 | 3 point pressure system- 3 forces with middle forces directed oppositely of the other 2 (unidirectional-forces on one plance)(multidirectional-forces in multiple planes) | ||
| 4 ways skin and soft tissue can be damaged | degree- skin can become ischemic ( blocked circulation depending on load exertion) | Duration- low stress over time can eventually cause tissue damage | repittition- of stress like dynamic splinting can cause inflammation or redness | direction- 3 directions of force 1. distraction or tension 2. compression 3. shear | ||
| Minimize stress repetition in dynamic splints by | distribute force | maintain 90 degree angle of pull to prevent compression (and distraction and streched ligament) | leverage | |||
| Minimize compression by | maintain perpendicular force | avoid bony prominences | selection of strap width | conform material to body part | keep splint at 1/2 width of forearm and hand |
Created by:
natkat
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