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WVSOM -- Physio
WVSOM -- Hemodynamic principles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arteries -- large to small | Aorta > Muscular Conduit Artery > Arteriole > Capillary |
| Veins -- to large | venule < vein < vena cava |
| Systolic | contraction |
| diastolic | rest |
| mean pressure | diastolic + 1/3(systolic-diastolic) |
| Compliance | ability to stretch and distend with pressure |
| Transmural pressure | difference between the pressure inside teh vessel and the pressure outside the vessel. net pressure is pushing against the wall |
| capacitance | volume contained for a specific pressure |
| Blood flow to organs altered by controlling vascular smooth muscle tone by | local and systemic |
| Systemic ways to control smooth muscle tone | SNS and Hormones |
| Local ways to control vascular smooth muscle tone | metabolic factors and paracrine agents |
| Blood volume is distributed roughly in accordance with ___________. | Metabolic rate |
| How does gravity affect blood pressure | Blood pressure increases the farther it moves away from the heart |
| Majority of blood is held in the | systemic veins |
| Pressure | force per unit area |
| flow | volume transferred per unit time |
| resistance | opposition to flow |
| Relationship of blood flow to the driving pressure and vascular resistance | blood flow is proportional to the pressure difference and inversely proportional to resistance |
| Cardiac Output | Q = (p1-p2)/r |
| Resistance in Series | R1+ R2 + R3 = Rtotal |
| Resistance in Parallel | 1/R + 1/R + 1/R = 1/Rtotal |
| Main site of resistance in the systemic circulation | Arterioles |
| Bernoulli Principle | increase in velocity occurs simutaneoulsy with the decrease in pressure |
| Hematocrit's effect on viscocity | increases it |
| Laminar blood flow | smooth parallel streamlines that slip past each other |
| Shear stress | caused by velocity thru the vessel Generated by the axial streaming of blood cells pushing and shearing them orienting them in one direction |
| Shear stress effect on vascular wall | can activate endothelial factors (NO). Lots of stress can cause damage on the vessel wall and cause an aneurysm |
| Reynolds Number | > 2300 causes turbulence |
| Turbulence | promoted by high velocity, vessel diameter and blood viscosity |
| Vessel with greatest compliance | Veins |
| why is mean pressure close to diastolic pressure? | heart spends longer relaxed than it does in contraction |
| Right side of heart pumps to | Lungs |
| Left side of heart pumps to | systemic circulation |
| 2 organs that receive more blood flow than is required to satisfy metabolic demands | skin and kidneys |
| Blood Flow is directly proportional to | pressure gradient |
| Blow flow is inversely proportional to | vascular resistance |
| Why are capallaries low in overall resistance | they are numerous and arranged in parallel |
| Bernoulli Principle and PE to KE | blood potential energy to kinetic energy occurs when cross-sectional area decreases. |
| Highest blood velocity in laminar blood flow | center of the vessel |
Created by:
tjamrose
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