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ClinMicro Cram 1
Cramming some details in for clinicals during Micro rotation BH.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The bacterial cell wall is made from __. | peptidoglycan |
| What enzyme catalyzes formation of the linkages in the cell wall? | transpeptidase |
| What antibiotic binds to and inhibits transpeptidase? | penicillin |
| Another name for transpeptidase is __ __ __. | penicillin binding protein |
| What are the 2 layers of a gram-pos bacterial cell? | 1) Inner cytoplasmic membrane 2) Outer THICK peptidoglycan layer (60-100% made from peptidoglycan) |
| In gram-pos organisms, the lipid content is __. | low |
| Do gram-pos organisms usually have endotoxins? | No |
| Which gram-pos organism does have an endotoxin? | Listeria monocytogenese |
| Gram-pos organisms have __ periplasmic space. | no |
| So gram-pos organisms have a porin channel? | no |
| Gram-pos organisms are vulnerable to __ and __ attack. | lysozyme and penicillin |
| What are the 3 layers of a gram-neg bacterial cell? | 1) Inner cytoplasmic membrane 2) Middle THIN peptidoglycan layer 3) Outer layer with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) |
| Gram-neg organisms have a __ lipid content. | high |
| Do gram-neg organisms have endotoxins? | Yes: LPS lipid-A |
| Do gram-neg organisms have a periplasmic space? | Yes |
| Do gram-neg organisms have a porin channel? | Yes |
| Are gram-neg organisms vulnerable to penicillin or lysozyme attack? | They are resistant. |
| Rule of thumb: Gram-pos organisms are less than gram-neg or negative most of the time, except ? | Thickness of peptidoglycan layer and presence of techoic acid. |
| Gram-neg organisms have a periplasmic space filled with a gel that has __ and __. | protein and enzymes |
| Gram-neg organisms lack techoic acid but do have __ __. | murein lipoprotein |
| The outer carbohydrate chains of oligosaccharide units can serve as an __ __ in the lab. | antigenic determinant |
| What media can be used to ID Shigella and what color will it be on that media? | HE, turns metallic green |
| What media can be used to ID Salmonella and what color will it be on that media? | HE, turns black |
| MAC grows __ __ __. | gram-neg rods |
| If a colony turns __ on MAC, it is positive for lactose. | pink |
| What media is used to grow E. coli 0157? | SMAC |
| What color will E. coli turn on SMAC if it's 0157? | Pink |
| If a colony turns pink on MAC, it is positive for __. | lactose |
| What media is used to grow Campylobacter? | CAMP (or CAMPY) |
| How long to you incubate Campylobacter? | 48 hrs |
| At what temp do you incubate Campylobacter? | 42C |
| Once Campylobacter grows on CAMPY, you test for __. | oxidase |
| After you've grown Campylobacter on CAMPY and found it to be oxidase positive, how do you know if you really have Campylobacter? | A negative gram-stain is presumptive ID for Campylobacter. |
| What media is used to grow Haemophilus? | CHOC |
| What does CHOC have the BAP and others don't have that allow Haemophilus to grow well? | X and V factors |
| What do you use for urine culture? | Split TSA/MAC |
| NAP1 is a more aggressive form of __. | Campylobacter |
| Thioglycollate broth (THIO) allows for the growth of __ __. | obligate anaerobes |
| Specifically, some versions of THIO are used as a selective growth enrichment broth for __ species from contaminated sources. | Campylobacter |
| When using THIO, strict aerobes will grow only in the __ band, while microaerophiles will grow near the __ of the band where the concentration of oxygen is lower. | pink, bottom |
| Phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA) is a selective medium used to cultivate Gram __ organisms. | gram-positive; especially Staph and Strep |
| PEA also prevents __ species from swarming across the surface of the agar. | Proteus |
| Streptococcus species can be a contaminant in specimens taken from what areas of the body? | nasopharynx, skin, vagina |
| Staphylococcus species can be a contaminant in specimens taken from what areas of the body? | skin, nares |
| Haemophilus species can be a contaminant in specimens taken from what areas of the body? | nasopharynx, upper respiratory |
| Neisseria species can be a contaminant in samples taken from what areas of the body? | nasopharynx |
| What species can be contaminants in specimens taken from the upper bowel? | Enterobactericeae, Enterococci, Candida |
| What species can be contaminants in specimens taken from the lower bowel? | Bacteroides, Clostridium |
| What species can be contaminants in specimens taken from the nasopharynx area of the body? | Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Candida, Actinomyces, other aerobes |
| What species can be contaminants in samples taken from the skin? | Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yeasts |
| What species can be contaminants in samples taken from the vagina? | Lactobacilli, Streptococci, Corynebacteria, Candida, Actinomyces, Mycoplasma hominis |
Created by:
IsaacJ
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