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Neuro Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Diencephalon | Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus |
| Epithalamus | Part of Diencephalon that regulates diurnal (sleep Cycle,body temperature, metabolic rate/digestion) and automatic body functions Consists of the Pineal Gland & Habenular |
| Subthalamus | Part of Diencephalon that is Important in motor control |
| Hypothalamus | -Part of Diencephalon that mediates endocrine and metabolic states -Is directly related to the limbic system -Regulates body temp, water and food intake, metabolism, sexual behavior, anger, aggression. |
| Limbic System | takes care of our most primitive functions like sexual drive, hunger etc... |
| Main function of Thalamus | -acts as relay station receiving info & sending info to another part of the CNS |
| Other Functions of Thalamus | -Integrates sensorimotor information from the Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, & Cortex -Regulates function of association cortex & cortically mediated speech, language, & cognitive functions. |
| Three levels of Thalamic Nuclei | Medial Ventral Lateral |
| Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus | Most primitive of thalamic nucleus Relays info to the Limbic system,contributes to direction of: digestive respiratory urogenital endocrine functions |
| Reticular Nucleus | Thalamic nucleus that acts a sensory integrator and relayer of motor info -Located between external medullary lamina and internal capsule |
| Intralaminar Nuclei | -Thalamic nucleus in core of internal medullary lamina -Has afferent and efferent connections -Modulates Excitability of association cortex |
| Intralaminar Nuclei Afferent Connections | -Brings info into the thalamus from various locations like the Globus Pallidus, Vestibular N, Superior colliculus, brainstem reticular formation, Cortex, Brainstem & Cerebellum |
| Intralaminar Nuclei Efferent Connections | Takes info away from the Thalamus to the Basal Ganglia and Cortex |
| Dorsomedial Nucleus | Integrates emotion, thought, and judgment Destruction lowers threshold for rage May be related Korsakoff's syndrome |
| Dorsomedial Nucleus Afferent connections | Afferent(towards the thalamus) connections from prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, centromedianum nucleus, hypothalamus |
| Dorsomedial Nucleus Efferent connections | Efferent (away) projections to prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex and limbic structures |
| Midline Nucelus Complex | -Medial Nucleus of the Thalamus -Important in visceral functions -Afferent Connections from brainstem reticular formation -Efferent Connections to Cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus |
| Pulvinar | Lateral nuclear complex located on the posterior portion of the Thalamus -Connects visual areas with association cortex -Important in language formation, language processing, lexical properties, reading writing- |
| Ventral Anterior Nucleus | Thalamic Ventral Nuclear Complex -Premotor cortex and skilled movements -Voluntary movements |
| Ventrolateral Nucleus | Thalamic Ventral Nuclear Complex -Contributes to voluntary motor tasks |
| Ventral Posterior Nucleus | Thalamic Ventral Nuclear Complex Sensation from Body and Face |
| Lateral Geniculate Bodies | -located on the Thalamus (little posterior balls) -Relay center for Vision -Unilateral lesion would not cause vision lost, bilateral would |
| Medial Geniculate Body | -located on the Thalamus -Relay center for Audition (cannot see on thalamus picture) -unilateral destruction in this area you will still be able to hear in both ears b/c only 10% of info if ipsilateral. Bilateral lesion would result in hearing lost |
| Pineal Gland | Part of the epithalamus -Important for hormone productions -Inhibitory influence over gonadal function (sex function) -Diurnal rhythms (Important for regulating sleep cycle) |
| Habenular Nucleus | Part of the epithalamus -Serves autonomic function and emotional drives |
| Parts of the Subthalamus | 2 Parts: -Subthalamic Nuclei -Zona Incerta |
| Subthalamic Nuclei | - Controls Motor functions - deterioration of this area causes Hemiballism (motor disorder: involuntary violent movements, persists only during wakefulness) |
| Zona Incerta | Visualmotor Coordinator |
| Parts of Hypothalamus | -Optic chiasm (where visiual info crosses over) -Mammillary Bodies -Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) -Infundibular stem -Tuber cinereum |
| Cognitive Functions of Thalamus | -Involved in language & speech functions -Subcortical aphasia include a thalamic based aphasia (left dominant thalamus) -Word Fluency Problems (decrease word output) -Neurogenic stuttering from surgeries or stroke in thalamus |
| Thalamic Syndrome | -Gross detection of sensations at thalamic level -Can result in very strong misinterpretations of sensation |
Created by:
aramos139
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