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PBHS Astronomy
Astronomers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (German) Polish Astronomer | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| Wrote-- On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, dedicated to Pope Paul III-- published on writer's death bed | Copernicus |
| Overturned Ptolemaic astronomy by describing a heliocentric universe | Copernicus |
| Summary of his theory, Little Commentary, incorrectly believed planets traveled in perfectly circular orbit | Copernicus |
| Alexandrian Egyptian who proposed the geocentric (earth-centered) universe | Ptolemy |
| Believed to have dropped weights from Leaning Tower Pisa to prove falling bodies fall at same rate. | Galileo Galilei |
| Improved the refracting telescope and discovered the 4 largest moons of Jupiter and observed the phases of Venus | Galileo |
| Described the law of the pendulum (the period has ONLY to do with the length of the string NOT the mass | Galileo |
| Recanted his beliefs before the inquisition, but said, "And yet it moves" | Galileo |
| Father of modern science | Galileo |
| Danish astronomer; observations and measurements of heavenly bodies later interpreted by his student, Kepler | Tycho Brahe |
| Lost his nose in a sword duel and wore a prosthetic nose of Ag or Cu for rest of his life | Brahe |
| Major work, De nova stella; Uraniborg observatory on an island of Denmark | Brahe |
| Used Brahe's data to formulate 3 Laws of Planetary Motion | Johannes Kepler |
| "Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus" is which law? | 1st Law of Planetary Motion by Kepler |
| "A line joining a planet and the Sun will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time" is which law? | 2nd Law of Planetary Motion by Kepler |
| The square of a planet's orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit is which law? | 3rd Law of Planetary Motion by Kepler |
| Catalog of heavenly bodies called the Rudolphine Tablets | Kepler |
| Astronomia Nova, Mysterium Cosmographicum | Kepler |
| Hanovarian (German) born British astronomer; discovered Uranus and its largest moons, Oberon and Titania | William Herschel |
| discovered Saturn's moons Mimas and Enceladus | Herschel |
| Largest moons of Uranus discovered by Herschel | Oberon and Titania, characters in A Midsummer Nights Dream |
| All of this planet's moons are names of Shakespeare's characters | Uranus |
| He coined "asteroid" and "binary star" and proposed Milky Way shaped like a disc. | Herschel |
| His sister, Caroline, discovered comets and nebulae | Herschel |
| Astronomer who was a noted organist and composer | Herschel |
| American astronomer 1889-1953 with a namesake space telescope | Edwin Hubble |
| States that the Doppler shift (red shift) of galaxies receding from the Earth is proportional to their distance from the Earth | Hubble's Law |
| This classifies galaxies into types | Hubble Fork Diagram |
| Types of galaxies on the Hubblle's Tuning Fork Diagram | spiral (including barred spiral), elliptical, and irregular |
| Proved that Andromeda was a separate galaxy from the Milky Way and discovered the first Cepheid variable stars. | Hubble |
| Cepheid Variable stars discovered by Hubble are used for what? | "Cosmic yardsticks" useful in measuring distance (periods of luminosity related to absolute luminosity |
| Estimated rate of expansion of the universe is the what? | Hubble Constant (currently calculated at 13-14 billion years) |
| Apparent change in wavelength (apparent decreasing wavelength)increasing frequency caused by approaching the observer and the opposite as the source passes and moves away. | Doppler Effect |
| Struck with ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease)at 19 | Stephen Hawking |
| He described the singularities of black holes in terms of general relativity; Englishman | Hawking |
| Predicted existence of ____ radiation emitted by black holes | Hawking |
| A Brief History of Time | Hawking |
| Former Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge | Hawking |
| 1st Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge | Newton |
| ______ comet returns approximately every ____ years | Halley's every 76 years |
| African American self-taught astronomer who accurately forecast lunar and solar eclipses | Benjamin Banneker |
| maximum mass of stable white dwarf star | Chandrasekhar (Chandrasekhar calculated mathematical theory of black holes with Fowler) |
| point of no return boundary of a black hole | event horizon |
| material amassed at the event horizon | accretion disk |
| scatter graph of stars--Luminosity and Absolute Magnitude versus Temperature | Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (H-R Diagram) |
| The Sun's star classification | A main sequence star (dwarf star--yellow) |
Created by:
gkarlish
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