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Circulatory System
Test Review for Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise? | contusion |
| What is an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall? | aneurysm |
| What is a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury? | hemophilia |
| What is the puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood? | phlebotomy |
| What is hereditary form of anemia in which a mutated form of hemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels? | sickle cell |
| A heart attach. | myocardial infarction |
| The artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. | Pulmonary artery |
| A vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. | Pulmonary |
| To examine (a part of the body) by touch, especially for medical purposes. Origin | Palpate |
| the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis | Ausculate |
| The genetic term that refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they're different. | Heterozygous |
| The genetic term having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics. | Homozygous |
| one of two or more alternative forms of a gene found at the same place on a chromosome. | alleles |
| blood vessel that have valves | Veins |
| blood vessel that carries blood from the heart | Arteries |
| Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. | Veins |
| the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of genes. | phenotype |
| the genetic constitution of an individual organism. | genotype |
| abnormally high blood pressure. | hypertension |
| an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, | hemorrhage |
| red blood cells | Erythrocytes |
| white blood cells | Leukocytes |
| to form a clot. | Coagulation |
| the muscular tissue of the heart. | Myocardium |
| clumping of red blood cells | Agglutination |
| the pacemaker of the heart | Sinoatrial node |
| an abnormally rapid heart rate. | Tachycardia |
| the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries. | Systole |
| the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood | Diastole |
| an antigen occurring on the red blood cells that are describe as either being positive or negative. | Rh factor |
| a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood | Hemoglobin |
| Any of various inherited traits found on the surface of red blood cells that determine a blood grouping | Antigen |
| a very small vein, especially one collecting blood from the capillaries. | venules |
| a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries | arterioles |
| any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. | capillary |
| smallest blood vessel where oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients can be exchanged between the blood and body tissue. | capillary |
| largest blood vessel of the human body | aorta |
| a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body back into the heart | inferior vena cava |
| a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper area of the body back into the heart. | superior vena cava |
| Artery that is gennerally used to a take a pulse at the wrist | radial artery |
| measures the electrical activity of your heart. | electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) |
| partition separating the two ventricle chambers | interventricular septum |
| the production of blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow | Hematopoiesis |
| location of the production of blood cells | bone marrow |
| Universal donor | O negative |
| Universal recipient | AB positive |
| blood clotting cells | platelets |
| valve with three cusps; situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle | Tricuspid valve |
| mitral valve: valve with two cusps; situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle | bicuspid valve |
| the blood group whose red cells carry neither the A nor B antigens | Type O blood |
| the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens | Type AB blood |
| upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins | left atrium |
| upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae vessels | right atrium |
| abnormally slow heartbeat | Bradycardia |
| Heterozygous Type B blood | BO |
| Homozygous Type A blood | AA |
| Homozygous Type O blood | OO |
| Codominant Blood Type | AB |
| a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood thrombocytes (platelets) | Megakaryocytes |
| an instrument for measuring blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer |
| a medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing | stethoscope |
| A condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness | Anemia |
| a semi-lunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta; prevents blood from flowing from the aorta back into the heart | Aortic |
| a semi-lunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from the artery back into the heart | pulmonary |
| mass of specialized tissue located at the junction between the two upper chambers of the heart (atria) and the lower two chambers (ventricles) | AV node |
| a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. | punnett square |
| a table, listing and explaining the symbols used in genetic crossing. | legend |
| the scientific study of plasma serum and other bodily fluids | serology |
| 120 over 80 | normal blood pressure |
| average heart rate | 70 beats per minute |
| normal body temperature | 98.6 degrees |
| the sound of a heart beat | lub dub |
| Heterozygous type A blood | AO |
| Recessive blood type | O |
| Homozygous type B blood | BB |
| A- blood can receive blood from what other blood types | A- and O- |
| The father of genetics | Gregor Mendel |
| A colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease. | leukocytes |
| The muscular tissue of the heart | myocardium |
| The bundle of HIS | AV bundle |
| Lower chamber of heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk. | right ventricle |
| Lower chamber of heart that receives venous blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta. | left ventricle |
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