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Lecture 45
Thyroid
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thyroid Hormone | inc metabolic activity in most tissues. dec TH leads to poor mental health and physical func. dec cold resistance,mentl retardation in children. inc TH leads to wasting,nervousness, inc heat production,tachycardia |
| Thyroid Hormone Synthesis | protein thyroglobulin made by foillicular thyroid cells.exocytosis to colloid,iodine added to tryrosines.link DTT and either DIT or MIT endocytosis.digestion to t3 or t4 |
| TH Secretion | MIT and DIT recycled in follicular cells. t3 and t4 secreted into blood,# is iodines.most secretions t4 |
| TH Transport | t3 and t4 circulate bound to protein.t4 4000 bound:1 free-free is active.most t4 converted to t3 in circulation.t3 is more active than t4 |
| TH Buffering | as th lost in urine or to other cells,other th come off protein.t3 binds eaker than t4-t3 lost faster. |
| TH Effects | all inc metabolic activity.maximizes gh affects on protein synthesis and bone |
| Calorogenic | inc heat production.th binds to nuclear receptors-alters gene activity. inc cell activity. inc fatty acid metabolism. inc na pump activity |
| Sympathomimetic Function | required for full symp response.th stimulated production of adrenergic receptors |
| Heart | th inc in adrenergic recpetors.inc heart rate and force of contraction |
| Neural Tissue | needed for cns development in children.th required for full neural finc,response to catecholamines,RAS func cortex and basal ganglia need th. |
| Regulation of TH Secretion | by thyroids stimulating hormone (tsh) from anterior pituitary. |
| TSH Regulation | dec blood th leads to release of tsh from anterior pituitary.tsh go to thyroid gland leads to inc thyroglobulin secretion,endocytosis and t3/t4 production |
| Hypothyroidism | thyroid gland disease or dec tsh production or autoimmune attack. dec bmr,lethargy dec mental and physical func |
| Graves Disease | hyperthyroidism leads to nervousness,weight loss,warmth,,bmr,exophthalamus (bulging cause is antibody (tsi) that binds and activates eyes),receptors inc thyroid gland activity. |
| Hashimoto's Syndrome | autoimmune attack on thyroid glad,dec func.hyperthyroidism-need synthetic th,not rare. |
| Goiter | enlarged thyroid gland.due to excess tysh or tsi.may produce hypo(from dec iodine) or hypertension (from inc tsi) |
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