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Genetics
genetic vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Genetics | the study of heredity (how things are passed down from parents to offspring) |
trait | specific characteristics that vary from one individual to the next |
hybrid | the offspring of two parents with different traits |
segregation | the separation of things |
gamete | sex cell (haploid) |
homozygous | organisms with two identical alleles for a certain trait (ex. TTortt) |
heterozygous | organisms with two different alleles for a certain trait (ex. Tt) |
phenotype | the physical characteristics (way it looks) |
genotype | genetic makeup (ex TT,Tt,TT) |
Independent assortment | genes segregate independently |
Incomplete dominance | one allele is not completely dominant (ex. Tt) |
co-dominance | both alleles contribute to the phenotype (ex. TG) |
multiple alleles | more than two alleles |
polygenic traits | traits controlled by two or more genes |
haploid | single set of chromosomes and single set of genes |
diploid | two sets of chromosomes and two sets of genes |
meiosis | number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
tetrad | chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome |