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Phys Spring 4 Lec 1
Intro to Endocrinology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the major endocrine organs? | Hypothalamus, A & P pituitary, Pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreatic islets, Adrenal medulla & cortex, gonads |
| What does the hypothalamus produce? | Releasing hormones |
| What does the posterior pituitary produce? | Oxytocin, ADH |
| What does the anterior pituitary produce? | FSH, LH, GH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin |
| What does the pineal gland produce? | Melatonin |
| What does the thyroid produce? | Calcitonin, thyroid hormones |
| What does the parathyroid produce? | PTH |
| What do the pancreatic islets produce? | Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin |
| What does the adrenal medulla produce? | Catecholamines |
| What does the adrenal cortex produce? | corticosteroids, aldosterone |
| What do the gonads produce? | estrogens, progesterone, androgens, relaxin, inhibin |
| What does the kidney produce? | Renin, EPO |
| What does the heart produce? | ANT, BNP |
| What does the stomach produce? | gastrin, ghrelin, somatostatin |
| What does the duodenum produce? | CCK, secretin |
| What does adipose tissue produce? | Leptin, adiponectin |
| What does the placenta produce? | HCG, estrogen, progesterone |
| Name examples of protein and peptide hormones (14) | Releasing hormones, FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, GH, prolactin, oxytocin, vasopressin, calcitonin, PTH, insulin, glucagon, HCG |
| Name examples of steroid hormones (4) | Corticosteroids, estrogens, progesterone, androgens |
| Are protein & peptide hormones water-soluble? | Yes |
| Are steroid hormones water-soluble? | No |
| What is the half-life of protein & peptide hormones? | A few minutes or less |
| What is the half-life of steroid hormones? | Up to a few hours |
| Discuss the mode of action of steroid hormones | Binds receptor (nuclear or cytoplasmic), enters nucleus, alters gene expression, cytoplasmic enzymes, and membrane structures |
| What enzyme converts testosterone to estradiol? | Aromatase |
| Name examples of amines (2) | Catecholamines, thyroid hormones |
| Discuss catecholamines | Stored in vesicles and released by exocytosis; bind receptors on cell membrane |
| Discuss thyroid hormones | Carried on macromolecules; bind to receptors in target nucleus |
| What is the half-life of thyroid hormones? | Several days |
Created by:
hclark86
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