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Lecture 40
Stomach-Pancreas-Liver
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stomach | holds contents,kills pathogens,starts protein digestion.relaxes as food enters-holds up to one liter |
| Structure | lining has gastric pits-cells produce secretion.mucus coats gastric pits-prevents hcl killing cells |
| Secretions | pepsinogen.hcl,separate h+ and cl- pumps-pH 1-2.mucus,gastrin,intrinsic factor for b12 absorption |
| Motility | peristaltic waves,3/min,fundus to body to antrum,forces food into antrum,crushes boluses there,forms chyme.chyme is mixture of food and secretions |
| Emptying | pyloric sphincter separates antrum and duodenum.pyloric sphincter squeezes shut as boluses are crushed.only a small amount of chyme squirts through |
| Ulcers | open sores in the stomach-cells wxposed to acid.kills cells,no mucus covering |
| Histamine | acid leads to damage leads to histamine leads to more acid.positive feedback loop.treatments:stop acid secretion,neutralizes acid. |
| H. Pyloric Bacteria | live in gastric pits >50% of all ulcers.hard to get due to mucus,antibiotics can kill h. pylori |
| Exocrine Pancreas | secretes bicarbonate solution to neutralize stomach acid.secretes enzymes for digestion |
| Duct System | carries solutions to duodenum.duct cells secrete bicarbonate solution |
| Alkaline Secretion | bicarbonate solution.pancreatic aqueous alkaline solution (PAAS). almost entirely na bicarbonate ~4.5x more bicarb than plasma.1.5 liters or more per day |
| Regulation | inc h+ (lower pH) in duodenum causes secretin release into blood.secretin from duodenum causes release of na bicarb solution-PAAS |
| Enzymatic Secretions | proteases released in protected form.lipase and amylase released in active form.pancreas has tryps in inhibitor for protection |
| Regulation | fat or protein in the duodenum causes CCK release. CCK causes acinar cells to release enzymes.enzymes carried to duodenum by PAAS.parasym.neurons inc enzyme release (sight/smell response) |
| Liver | releases bile into duodenum to emulsify fats.mostly undifferentiated cells-1000's of metabolic reaction.makes plasma proteins |
| Blood Supply | 2 sources-merge at liver sinusoids.hepatic artery supplies oxygenated blood from heart.portal vein carries water soluble foods from SI |
| Bile Salts | major component of bile-made by hepatocytes.released into bile canaliculi on opposite side from blood.bile salts form micelles.90-95% of bile salts.reab at ileum-recycled |
| Bilirubin Metabolism | formed from heme of lysed RBC's.-fat soluble:circulate bound to albumin.released to liver cells leads to modified to h2o soluble form leads to most to bile leads to feces.some is reab at the ileum,excreted in urine.provides color for both urine and feces. |
| Gall Bladder Function | stores bile btw meals when sphincter of oddi closed. CCK relaxes s of o and contracts the GB leads to bile enters duodenum |
| Gallstones | calcium bilirubinate (some) or cholesterol stones (most).form in gall bladder w/ glycoprotein binding.can blocks s of o- gall bladder attack. if GB removed,bile duct expands to hold bile. |
| Jaundice | a buildup of billirubin:usually liver problem |
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danamarie9323
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