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Lecture 34
Urine Production-Bladder Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Collecting Duct | Goes through from cortex to medulla. always dilute filtrate at cortical end. repsonds to vasopressin;no VP leads to little water reab leads to dilute urine |
| Vasopressin | from posterior pituitary. released when plasma osmolarity high. causes insertion of aquaporins in CD membrane |
| Aquaporins | h20 channels-h20 goes through aqp. osmotic pressure of solutes in medilla (1200 mOsm) draws water.retain h20,urine up to 1200 mOsm |
| Diabetes Insipidus | either dec VP production or lack of kideny response (bad receptor). excess water loss leads to shovck leads to death. need to drink much water to survive |
| Urine Buffering | filtrate pH must be 4.5 or greater for H+ to enter filtrate. bicarbonate and phosphate from filtration and ammonia from tubular secretion buffer urine |
| Aldosterone Effects | inc # of active na+ carriers on lumenal side of CD tubular cells. this inc na+ reab in collecting duct.h2o follows osmotically. k+ reab is reciprocal to na+ |
| Secondary Hypertension | reduced renal artery flow leads to dec renal BP leads to excess renin leads to inc BP. treat w/ ACE inhibitors to block ang 2 production. diagnosis by determining RBF w/ PAH |
| Renal Dysfunction | wide glomerular pores leads to protein in urine leads to edema due to low protein. loss of concentration diluting-loss of nephrons (mult causes). acidosis by e.g. lack of ammonia (reduced by h+ secretion) leads to dec neural func |
| Sodium Dysfunction | excess na+ retention leads to edema,hypertension dec filtering,excessive aldosterone,leads to heart failure |
| Bladder Function | storage of urine. no changes after leaving kidneys |
| Ureter Entry | ureter connects kidney to bladder. ureters passes inside bladder wall at an angle.inc bladder pressure closes ureter,prevents backflow |
| Bladder Sphincters | around urethra,the tube draining the bladder. internal urinary sphincter is smooth muslce-involuntary. external urinary sphincter is skeletal muscle-voluntary |
| Control of Micturition | urination.spinal reflex relaxation of internal sphincter when bladder pressure inc. reflex relaxtion of external sphincter follows.cortex can overcome reflex relax of ext sphicnter.parasymp neurons inc bladder body concentration. |
| Control of Micturition cont | pelvic floor descends allowing urine flow. exercise after delivery maintains pelvic floor strength. |
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