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Ch. 8 Joints
Physiology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
A site where two or more bones meet | Joint |
Weakest part of the skeleton | Joints |
2 Fundamental Functions of a Joint | Give our skeleton mobility, & Hold our skeleton together |
3 functional classifications of a Joint | Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, & Diarthroses |
Immovable joints | Synarthroses |
Slightly movable joints (pubic symphysis, some intervertable and sternocostal joints) | Amphiarthroses |
freely movable joints (most joints in the appendicular skeleton) | Diarthroses |
4 structural classifications of a joint | Bony fusion, Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints, Synovial joints |
Fusion of 2 bones (metopic suture of the frontal bone, epiphyseal lines of mature long bones) | Synostoses |
Based on the material binding the bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present | Structural classifications |
Characteristics of Fibrous joints | Bones joined by fibrous tissue, no joint cavity present, some are amphiarthrotic but most are synarthrotic |
3 types of Fibrous joints | Sutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphoses |
Interlocking bone edges connected by very short connective tissue fibers. Synarthrotic. | Sutures |
Connective tissue fibers are slightly longer than sutures. Synarthrotic or Amphiarthrotic | Syndesmoses |
Peg-in-socket fibrous joint of the teeth | Gomphoses |
Articulating bones united by cartilage, no joint activity | Cartilaginous joints |
2 types of Cartilaginous joints | Synchondroses & Symphyses |
A bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones | Synchondroses |
unsually synarthrotic | Synchondroses |
epiphyseal plates in immature individuals | Synchondroses |
Articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage | Symphyses |
Hyaline cartilage fused with fibrocartilage | Symphyses |
Amphiarthrotic | Symphyses |
pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints | Symphyses |
Ends of bones covered by glassy-smotth hyaline (articular) cartilage | Synovial Joints |
Has a joint (synovial) cavity | Synovial Joints |
Synovial cavity enclosed in a two-layer articular capsule. Outer fibrous of dense irregular. Inner synovial membrane composed of loose connective tissue | Synovial Joints |
Joint (synovial) cavity contains synovial fluid that acts as lubricant | Synovial Joints |
Surrounded by reinforcing ligaments and tendons that are well supplied with nerves to monitor stretch | Synovial Joints |