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WJEC - CG1 - 1.1
Hardware & Communication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many Registers are there in a CPU | Six |
| Which register contains the most recent item obtained from memory? | Memory Data Register |
| Which register contains the address of the next item to be processed | Memory Address Register |
| Which register contains the instructions for the current operation | Instruction Register |
| Which register contains the intermediate results of an operation/calculation | The Accumulator |
| Which register controls CPU behaviour | Sequence Control Register |
| Which Register indicates where a program is in its sequence | Program Counter |
| How Many Buses are there in the CPU | Three busses |
| Which Bus carries data to and from the CPU | The Data Bus |
| Which bus Contains information on where the data is going and where it has been, (works with the bus that carries data) | The Address bus |
| Which bus sends and receives signals from all the external computer components that contains information that controls the order that processes are carried out in | The Control Bus |
| Which Component in the CPU performs Calculations | The Arithmetic Logic Unit - ALU |
| What kind of calculations does the alu perform | - Multiplication - Division - Subtraction - Addition - Logic Tests |
| Which component in the CPU, issues signals to other parts of the CPU | The Control Unit |
| How many states can Binary Data exist in | Two, a binary "bit" can only be a 1 or a 0 (sometimes referred to as a light switch being on or off) |
| How many bits in the binary digit 01011010 | Eight, there are eight states in that digit, this is called a "byte" |
| How many bytes in a kilobyte (Kb) | 1024 |
| How many kilobytes in a megabyte (Mb) | 1024 |
| How many megabytes in a gigabyte (Gb) | 1024 |
| How many gigabytes in a terabyte (Tb) | 1024 |
| What are the two types of storage | - Primary - Secondary |
| What are the three types of memory | - Ram - Rom - Cache |
| Why is RAM Considered Volatile | Unlike a flash drive or a hard drive, when the power is switched off, all the data stored in the ram is lost. |
| R.A.M. stands for what and why | - Random Access Memory - Because any free location on the ram can be accessed |
| R.O.M. stands for what and why | - Read Only Memory - The data on a ROM chip is only readable and executable not editable. |
| ROM is not considered Volatile because | the data is stored permanently on the chip, and isn't lost on system restart |
| ROM is often found where? | - Oven timers - Alarms - Cameras - Cars Basically anywhere that a basic operating system is used to run an appliance |
| ROM is also located on the mother board and is used when | During start up to locate all the hardware and run basic tests on boot, or when accessing the bios (Basic Input Output System) |
| Is cache memory faster then Ram | Yes, its is built closer to the CPU or inside it and acts as an intermediate store of data during processing |
| Difference between RAM Cache and Disk Cache | - Ram cache is used to store repeated data when processing data - Disk Cache is used to store data to speed up access speed if its needed again |
| One Difference between Primary and Secondary Storage | - Primary is much faster then secondary - Secondary is much larger in capacity - Secondary is not directly accessible by the CPU |
| Common forms of Secondary Storage/Backing storage | - Magnetic Tape - Hard Disk Drives - SSD's - Optical Disks (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray) - Flash Drives (memory sticks) |
| Advantages and Disadvantages - Magnetic Tape | - Cheap - Large Capacities - Slow read/write/access speeds |
| Advantages and Disadvantages - HDD | - Relatively Cheap - Large Capacities - Relatively fast read/write/access speeds - Durable casing - Physical components can deteriorate |
| Advantages and Disadvantages - SSD | - Very Fast - Very Durable - Expensive |
| Advantages and Disadvantages - Optical Disks | - Cheap - Portable - Can be fragile - Require a secondary component to read (reader) - Range in capacity |
| Advantages and Disadvantages - Flash Storage | - Cheap - Portable - Some can have very large capacities (expensive though) - Generally durable |
| *Recap* Order these components by speed: - CPU Register - Magnetic tape - Cache - Hard Disk Drive - Ram - SSD - Optical Disk - Time taken to spend your last paycheck | - Paycheck - CPU Registers - Cache - RAM - SSD - Hard Disk Drive - Optical Disk - Magnetic Tape |
| Digital data is similar to binary because | it can only have distinct values, 1 or 0 - Light is on or off - Day or night - Red or Blue |
| Analogue data is dissimilar to binary because | It can have a range of values - Temperature - Age - Height |
| Digital Signals are much smaller because | The data is either a 1 or a 0, this means the data is much more efficient, but not as rich as analogue data |
| Analouge Signals are much richer because | The data has more scope and can take a range of values not just 2, this means it is much larger however and can take up more bandwidth |
| What does an input device do | Introduce data to a computer |
| What does an output device do | Allows data to be expressed by a computer, normally in a Human intelligible form (understandable by humans) |
| Name Some peripherals that act as input devices | - Mouse - Keyboard - Touch screen - Controller - Barcode reader - Microphone |
| Name Some peripherals that act as Output devices | - Monitor - Speakers - Printer |
| Some Devices act as both I/O devices, name one | - iPhone, has input touch screen capabilities whilst outputting visual and auditory information. - Game Pad, can input controls to a game whilst getting vibration feedback |
| Name some physical interfaces, an example being a 3.5mm in (headphone jack) | - USB 2/3 input - Sata port - VGA/DVI/HDMI I/O - LAN - Optical I/O - SD I/O |
| The process where two devices check if they are ready to communicate with each other, is called | Handshaking, this process ensures both devices interface software and hardware is compatible. Like the name suggests, this is an initial check. |
| What is a network? | A number of computers or peripherals connected together. |
| LAN stands for what and why | Local Area Network - Connected via cables usually on the same site or building |
| WAN stands for what and why | Wide Area Network - Connected via telephone wires, satellite links spanning over towns or cities. |
| Why are network standards important | Without them computer networks may not work properly as computers may not communicate properly |
| Advantages of Computer networks | - Printers can be shared - Software can be shared - Data can be shared - Emailing and messaging can be internal to the network |
| Disadvantages of Computer networks | - Viruses can spread throughout these networks - hackers can access different computers on the network from a single terminal - A fault in the network and everyone cannot access the internet - Networks may be slow - Complex installation |
| What are three types of network configuations | - Bus network - Star network - Ring network |
| Describe a Bus Network | A single network cable or "Backbone", links all the computers together. Data is sent out and each computer will check if the data is for itself if not it ignores it. |
| Describe a Star Network | A file server will link to each computer individually and will send the data to appropriate computers, if data is send between computers it passes through the central node. |
| Describe a Ring Network | The backbone loops round all the computers in the network and back to the central node. The data is sent round in one direction and uses a token system so identify which node the data is for. |
| Advantages & Disadvantages - Bus Network | - Cheap - Minimal Cabling - Easy to add or remove cables - Failure impacts the entire network - Slow - poor security |
| Advantages & Disadvantages - Star Network | - Failure is isolated to a single node - Easy to troubleshoot - Fast transfer speed - Easy to add/remove nodes - Best Security - Expensive and complex to install |
| Advantages & Disadvantages - Ring Network | - Faster transfer speed to bus - No message collisions due to token system - Fault will effect the whole system - poor security as data passes through each node |
| A Company with a high budget want a fast and secure network, which do you recommend and why | Star, its expensive but fast and very secure |
| What is a protocol | A set of rules for transmitting data across a network |
| What is data encapsulation | If a piece of data has many protocols attached to it, they are seated within themselves: [http[payload]CHKSUM] > [TCP[http[payload]CHKSUM]CHKSUM] |
| Name Five Protocols | - IP - Internet Protocol - HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - FTP - File Transfer Protocol - SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - VOIP - Voice Over Internet Protocol (skype uses this) |
| Advantages & Disadvantages - Wireless network | - No cabling - Computers can be placed anywhere within the range of the router - Data can be slower - Limited Range - Security may be a concern as the data can be picked up by anyone within range |
Created by:
delldom
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