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Lecture 28
Adaptive Immunity:T Lymphocytes-Skin
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| T Lymphocytes | Attack cells w/ both a foreign antigen (MHC). Cancer, virus infected cells, transplants attacked |
| Cytotoxic Cells | Bind to cell and inject perforin-form pore. Osmotic lysis follows |
| Helper T Cells | Release cytokines that activate all B and T lymphocytes |
| AIDS | HIV attack on helper T cells-dec immune response. Opportunistic diseases can now attack. Avoid multiple concurrent infections. HIV needs broken skin to enter-hard to get. |
| Helper T Cell Cytokines | Paracrines that regulate immune response. Inc proliferation, growth, and function. When cytokine structure known, renamed an interleukin. |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex | Previously known as HLA antigens |
| MHC-Class 1 | Self antigens- on surface of all cells. Identify cells as self. 3-6 out of 100 possible antigens on every cells. Others in foreign cells attacked. |
| MHC-Class 2 | Ingest and present antigens-activate T-cells. |
| Transplants | Non-matching MHC 1 cells are attacked by antibodies Partial match has both self and foreign antigen triggering T lymphocyte attack Try to match MHC class 1 proteins. T cells-may attack-suppress T cells-more infections Leukeimia-replace marrow-fungus risk |
| Tumors | Benign tumors stay localized, no infiltration of surrounding tissues. Malignant tumors have transformed cells-cancer. Can infiltrate to nearby tissues. Can metastasize to other parts of the body |
| Allergies | Immune reaction to a harmless substance. Allergies can produce responses. |
| Immediate Hypersensitivity | Immune response ~ 20 min. B cell mediated-antibody production |
| Stimuli | Non bacterial: pollen,bee stings,penicillin, mold,dust,IgE antibodies Many in skin,eyes,lungs,GItract.System designed to attac parasite worms.Chem triggers:histamine,vasodilaiton,capillary permeabilit inc SRS-A:strong bronchiole contract,potential lethal |
| Symptoms | Localized reaction. Upper respiratory hay fever:congestion,edema,sneezing,runny nose. Bronchioles: Asthma:inflammation,constriction,inc mucus-difficulty breathing |
| Anaphylactic Shock | Allergens spread by blood. Severe hypotension due to inc capillary permeability. Bronchoconstriction. Treat w/ epinephrine |
| Delayed Hypersensitivity | Immune response in 24 hrs. T cells mediated. Poison ivy, some toxins stimulate T cells may migrate to area of contact and produce rash. |
| Skin | Mechanical barrier w/ defense mechanism |
| Epidermis | Layer epithelialcells.Deadcells outermost, dividing cellsbeneath.No bloodsupply,supplied by diffusionfrom dermis.Desmosomesand keratin fibersHold cellstogether wkeratinizedlayer remaingafterdeath.Pathogentight.Airtightfairly watertight,preventsevap. |
| Dermis | Connective tissue beneath the epidermis. Blood vessels,nerve endings,many cell types.Blood regulates heat loss.Sweat glands-sweat has variable Na+ content. Sebaceous glands-oil waterproofs skin. Hair follicles-inc touch sensitivity Melanin absorbs UVlight |
| Hypodermis | Adipose tissue-insulates body from heat loss. |
| Epidermis cont. | Burns destroy epidermis,cause hypotension and shock |
| Dermis cont. | Langerhans cells present antigens, UV resistant granstein cells:slow immune responses:net:UV light inc skin cancer. |
Created by:
danamarie9323
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