Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 1
A First Look at the Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abdominal quadrants | dividing abdomen into four quadrants |
| abdominopelvic cavity | inferior part of the ventral body cavity. |
| adhesion molecules | allow cells of tissue to recognize one another and stick together.determine ability of particular dissolved substance and enter or leave cell-particularly for substances that carry electrical charge. |
| adipocytes | cells derived from fibroblasts-interior is dominated by a droplet of fat-movement of fat between adipose tissues and bloodstream conttrolled by nervous and endocrine systems |
| adipose tissue | specialized for storage of fat--functions as energy reserve,-fat cushions internal organs, reduces heat loss through skin and gives body its contours. |
| ADP | energy depleted form of mitochondria |
| anatomical position | subject is erect, facing the viewer, feet pointed ahead, arms at the sides, palms of hands turned forward |
| appendicular region | consisting of the limbs or extremeties |
| ATP | general chemical energy source for energy-requiring cellular prosses of mitochondria |
| axial region | consists of the head, neck, and trunk |
| bilayer | double layer of phospholipids-each cell has one-hydrophilic heads facing the extracellular fluid on one side and the cytoplasm on the other-hydrophilic tails of phospholipids point towards the interior of the membrane. |
| blood plasma | fluid component containing salts; some organic solutes; disolved gases and proteins; formed elements, including erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. |
| body cavities | two major hollow internal spaces that enclose internal organs |
| bone marrow | fills spaces of trabeculae |
| canaliculus | radiating out at right angles to each Haversian canal are small channels that allow nutrients and oxygen to reach osteocytes and cellular wastes to be removed |
| cancellous bone | spongy bone-consists of a meshwork of mineralized trabeculae with bone marrow filling the spaces |
| cardiac muscle | makes up the walls of the heart and is responsible for circulating blood to all parts of the body |
| cartilage | a strong, flexible, smooth material composed of collagen and chondroitin-in adults supports some soft tissues, |
| chondrocytes | cells that cartilage is secreted from |
| chondroitin | a tough, flexible material that is a major component of cartilage, one form of connective tissue |
| collagen | giant, fibrous molecules that may be arranged in bundles or as a mesh |
| compact bone | outer covering of bone- dense bone- surrounding a core of cancellous bone- composed of units called osteon |
| connective tissue | from the mesoderm |
| connective tissue proper | composes a loosely arranged structural framework for almost every tissue |
| cranial cavity | within the skull, contains the brain, and the vertebral canal within the vertebral column which contains spinal cord and spinal roots |
| cuboidal | epithelial cells are approximately as wide as they are tall |
| cytoplasm | intracellular fluid- contains a number of characteristic organelles |
| cytoskeleton | the scaffold of filaments within the cytoplasm that allow the cell to maintain a form and move |
| differentiation | process in which unspecialized cells acquire specific cellular structures and become specialized to perform specific functions |
| directional terms | way of decribing the relationships of individual structures and regions |
| ectoderm | cells of embrio that lie outermost |
| elastin | giant fibrous molecules, that may be arranged in bundles or mesh |
| endocrine glands | formed by epithelial cells- secrete chemical messengers called hormones into the blood |
| endoderm | cells of embryo that lie innermost |
| endoplasmic reticulum | ER-an internal membrane system that contains proteins and lipids destined for various metaboli fates within the cell, for secretion to exterior, or for incorporation into the plasma membrane |
| epithelial tissue | from the ectoderm and endoderm |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| exocrine glands | formed by epithelial cells- secrete substances by way of ducts to the exterior |
| extrinsic | membrane proteins less tightly attached and may be removed by chemical treatments that do not dissolve the membrane |
| fibroblasts | characteristic cells that secrete intercellular materials |
| formed elements | erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes |
| frontal section | pass parallel to the midline and at right angles to the lane of the sagittal section- would divide the body into dorsal and ventral portions |
| glia | support the neurons and maintain a favorable environment for their functions |
| glycoproteins | proteins that strands of sugar molecules are attached to |
| Golgi apparatus | closely stacked sacs of ER that serve as a sorting station for proteins sythesized by ribosomes attached to the ER- these proteins are labeled for various destinations in the cell |
| Haversian canal | surrounded by an osteon- contains blood vessels and nerves |
| horizontal section | (transverse) a cut at right angles to the midline and dividing the body into superior and inferior portions |
| hormones | chemical messangers secreted by endocrine glands-in the blood |
| hyaluronic acid | intercellular substance formed by connective tissues-forma a gel that cements cells together and acts as a cushion |
| intercellular material | generated by connective tissue- large deposits of insoluble material.-secreted by characteristic cells called fibroblasts |
| intermediate filaments | part of the cytoskeleton-allows cell to maintain a form and to move |
| intrinsic | membrane proteins from plasma membrane- tightly associated with the membrane and in some cases span it from one side to the other |
| lacunae | spaces between the lamellae--occupied by osteocytes |
| lamellae | concentric rings of mineralized intercellular substance surrounding the Haversian canal |
| leukocytes | white blood cells |
| ligaments | structures that hold joints together-composed mainly of bundles of collagen and elastin fibers all with the same orientation |
| mesoderm | unspecialized cells of the embryo--comes to lie between the ectoderm and endoderm |
| microfilaments | part of the cytoskeleton that allow the cell to maintain a form and move |
| microtubules | part of the cytoskeleton that allow the cell to maintain a form and move |
| midline | a cut made in the middle of the body from head to toes |
| midsagittal section | if the body were sliced into equal right and left halves--would pass through the sagittal plane along the midline of the body |
| mitochondria | rod-like structures consisting, of a double-bilayer membrain--sites of the reactions of terminal oxidative metabolism--energy from oxidation of foodstuffs is applied to the synthesis of ATP--believed to evolved from bacteria that took up residence in prim |
| Neurons | generate and conduct electrical impulses and communicate with other cells by way of chemical messages--divided from nervous tissue |
| nucleus | contains genetic material (DNA), together with molecules that affect expression of specific parts of the genetic code--bound with double-bilayer membrane penetrated with porthole-like nuclear pores |
| organelles | characteristic part of the cytoplasm--nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi aparatus, and mitochondria |
| osteoblasts | type of osteocyte--synthesize bone |
| osteocytes | bone cells--two types--osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| osteons | units that compose compact bone--surrounds a central Haversian canal |
| oxidative phosphorylation | energy from oxidation of foodstuffs is applied to the synthesis of ATP, the general chemical energy source for energy-requiring cellular prosses, for ADP, and energy-depleted form of the same molecule |
Created by:
heatherlvn
Popular Physiology sets