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MIS Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ENIAC | electronic numerical integrator and computer, first general purpose computer, large expensive, |
| when and why was the ENIAC invented? | 1946, calculate ballistic missiles |
| where did the term "bug" come from? | when a moth was caught in the ENIAC, which caused it to stop working |
| FERUAT, when was it installed? | 1st digital computer in Canada, 1952 |
| 1st and second gen mainframes | 1st commercial digital comps based on vacuum tube technology, sold without software, company would have to buy their own |
| 3rd gen mainframes | 1960, included operating systems, multiprocessing technlogy |
| does anyone use mainframes anymore? | larger organizations |
| mainframes | designed for fast processing and massive storage |
| microprocessors | critical in development of microcomputers, |
| BASIC | Microsoft programming language |
| DOS | operating system |
| when was the PC launched | 1981 |
| what were microcomputers originally intended for? | used by one person at one time |
| local area network solved what problems? | the lack of networking capabilities |
| who proposed LAN? | Robert Metcalfe |
| when was the WAN commercialized? | 1980, wide area network, originally developed as a network of mainframes |
| dot come bubble | a time when new internet companies were funded by venture captalists and many bankrupted |
| why was the end of the 20th century an impt period? | YAK (2000 problem), cost drop for cell technology and mobile phones |
| what was the YAK (2000 problem) | due to early programming being expensive, dates were shortened to '64, when 2000 hit ppls ages were -40 |
| what are the 3 main componants in a computer | processor, memory, storage, (getting smaller and costing less) |
| hardware | consists of the physical electornic components and related gadgetry that input, process and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs and software |
| what 4 components do computers consist of, hardware? | input devices, processing devices, output hardware, storage hardware |
| input devices | most visible part of comp, keyboard, touch screen, scantron scanner, compared on physical dimensions or how being used |
| processing devices | includes CPU; works in conjunction with main memory; |
| CPU | "brain of comp"; selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and stores operations in memory; measured in hertz or cycles; type of CPU needed depends on the type of computing you want to do |
| main memory | "random access memory" (ram) |
| output hardware | most physical interaction with user; producing/ displaying desired results; ex. display monitor, printer, speaker |
| storage hardware | saves data and programs; memory cards, CDs, Magnetic disks; magnetic tape is sometimes used bc cheap and easily stored; USB |
| USB | universal serial bus |
| special function cards | can be added to augment each component; ex. video cards, additional co-processors, extra storage |
| binary digits | represent data using binary digits called bits |
| bit | "0" or "1"; easy to represent physically |
| byte | 8-bits; one byte/character; used to measure non character data as well |
| what does the CPU do? | transfers program or data from a disc to main memory |
| data channel (bus) | CPU moves instruction from the main memory into the CPU via this |
| cache | CPU's small amt of very fast storage; CPU keeps frequently used instructions there |
| what does having a large cache mean? | computer is faster, more expensive |
| operating system | a program that controls the comps resources and a block of data |
| memory swapping | when there isn't enough free memory to run program so the CPU takes out an unused block of memory and replaces it |
| what happens when there isn't enough memory | comp keeps swapping memory and it will run slower |
| volatile | contents are lost when the power goes out; ex. cache and main memory |
| non-volatile | contents survive even when power goes off; ex. USB, magnetic discs, optical discs |
| hertz | speed or # of cycles per second a comp works at |
| gigahertz | 1 billion cycles/second |
| client computers | used for word, spread sheets, data base access, ect; have software that allows them to connect to a network |
| servers | provide services; ex. FB, google, Amazon; |
| server computer | have to be faster, larger and more powerful, simple video displays |
| server farm | used for large commercial sites (google, amazon); large collection of computers that coordinate all activities |
| cloud computing | servers that supply applications and data; customers don't own the computer they use; |
| what is cloud a metaphor for? | the internet |
| whats an example of cloud computing? | Hotmail, google docs |
| why is cloud computing more efficient? | ppl pay only for what they use |
| grid computing | several computers used to address a single problem at the same time |
| how does grid computing work? | uses software to divide pieces of a program among several computers |
| what does grid computing do? | adds the ability to store and access data remotely and pay for its service |
| what is computer software divided into? | operating systems, application software |
| operating systems | large and complicated programs that control the computer resources; ex. windows |
| application software | programs that perform specific user tasks; ex. Microsoft word |
| what are the 2 software constraints? | each version of operating system is developed for a particular type of hardware; application programs are written to use a particular operating system |
| instruction set | commands that a CPU can process |
| what are the 4 major OS? | windows, mac OS, Unix, Linux |
| windows | most impt OS for business owners, runs Intel Instruction set |
| mac OS | apple comp. inc. developed its own OS for the mac; focussed on software aspects of business, rather than physical and hardware; tightly controlled all aspects of comp systems; less purchases, higher prices |
| UNIX | developed at Bell labs, 1970; workhorse for science and engineering; more difficult to use; not used by avg business person |
| LINUX | version of UNIX, open source community (loose group of programmers); no fee to use it |
| IBM | primary proponent of LINUX |
| do ppl buy software? | no it is licenced out |
| can ppl sell you the right to use LINUX? | no, owned by open source community, |
| what is the primary role of OS? | to create and support application software |
| application software | consists of programs that perform a business ftn; some are general purpose (excel/word); others are very specific (quick books) |
| horizontal approach application | software provides capabilities common across all industries; word processors, graphics, spread sheets; purchased off the shelf; little customization of features |
| vertical approach application | serves the needs of a specific industry; ex. programs in dental offices; usually is altered or customized |
| one-of-a-kind application | software developed for a specific, unique need; ex. Canada revenue agency develops this bc it has specific requirmetnts |
Created by:
alyshabennett
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