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Network Fundamentals

Lesson One - MTA Exam 98-366

TermDefinition
8P8C A common connector or plug used on the end of the network cable. Also know as RJ45.
Broadcast A method of communication where packets are sent to every host on the network.
Centralized computing A model where all computing for a network is done by a large central device.
client-server A model that distributes applications between servers such as Windows Server 2008 and client computers such as Windows 7 or Windows Vista machines.
CSMA/CA Short for carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance. It is used as a method for multiple hosts to communicate on a wireless network and AppleTalk.
CSMA/CD Short for carrier sense multiple access with collision detection. It is the method for multiple hosts to communicate on a Ethernet.
computer telephony integration (CTI) When a company's telephone system meets its computer system. Here, special PBXs that used to control phones as a separate entity can now be controlled by servers with power software.
CTI-based server When a company's telephone system meets its computer system. Here, special PBXs that used to control phones as a separate entity can now be controlled by servers with powerful software
data transfer rate Network speed, also known as bit rate. This is defined asthe maximum bits per second (bps) that can be transmitted over a network.
database server A server that provides data for applications.
demilitarized zone (DMZ) Also known as a perimeter network, a small network that is set up from a company's private LAN and the Internet.
distributive computing A model where computing is provided by each host.
Ethernet A networking standard that has a set of rules that govern the transmission of data between network adapters and various central connecting devices.
file server A server that stores files for computers to share.
frames A group of bytes packaged by a network adapter for transmission across the network.
full duplex A type of communication where traffic is sent in both directions at the same time.
half duplex A type of communication where traffic is sent in both directions but only one at a time.
host A device or computer has an IP address.
hub A basic central connecting device (sometimes referred to as CCDs - repeater) that connects each of the networked computers, known as hosts, to one another by way of copper-based cables. Also considered a legacy device.
IEEE 802.3 A standard that defines carrier sense multiple access with collision detection or CSMA/CD. Because computers on a default Ethernet LAN all share the same channel, CSMA/CDD governs the way that computers co-exist with limited collisions.
IP address A logical address that identifies a device of host connected on a network.
local area network (LAN) A group of these computers that are confined to a small geographic area, usually one building.
medium dependent interface (MDI) A port used to daisy chain or stack one or more hubs or switches.
mesh topology A topology where every host or server is connected to every other host or server.
message server Email servers, but also fax, instant messaging, collaborative, and other types of messaging servers. For a Windows Server to control email, special software known as Exchange Server has to loaded in addition to the operating system.
Microsoft ISA Server Microsoft's firewall and proxy server.
Microsoft Visio A common tool used for network documentation.
multistation access unit (MAU) A central connecting device usually associated with Token Ring.
network adapter Also known as a network interface card or NIC, it is the device that enables you to send and receive data to and from your computer.
network controller A controlling server such as a Microsoft domain controller, it is in charge of user accounts, computer accounts, network time, and general well-being of an entire domain of computers and users.
network documentation Any information that helps describe, define, and otherwise explain how computers are connected in a physical and logical way.
network operating system An operating system used by a server to provide network services.
network topology A method that defines the physical connections of hosts in a computer.
peer-to-peer (P2P) A model where each computer has an equal ability to serve data and to access data, just like any other computer on the network.
perimeter network Also known as DMZ, a small network that is setup separately from a company's private LAN and the Internet.
print server A server controls printers that can be connected directly to the server or (and more commonly) are connected to the network.
ring topology A topology that forms a ring or loop.
RJ45 A common connector or plug used on the end of the network cable.
serial data transfer A method where data is sent, one bit at a time.
star topology A topology where each computer is individually wired to a central connecting device with twisted-pair cabling.
switch A device similar to a hub that connects computers to a central point. However, different from a hub, in general, a switch will only forward traffic to its destination instead of broadcasting
Transceiver A device or component that can transmit and receive data.
unicast A communication method where traffic is only sent to the computer or host that is meant to be sent to.
virtual LAN (VLAN) A group of hosts with a common set of requirements that communicate as if they were connected together in a normal fashion on one switch, regardless of their physical location.
web server A server that share data and provide information about a company using HTML web pages
wireless access point (WAP) A central connecting device used in wireless networks.
wireless LAN (WLAN) A network that uses wireless signals
Created by: ctrader
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