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Network Fundamentals
Lesson One - MTA Exam 98-366
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 8P8C | A common connector or plug used on the end of the network cable. Also know as RJ45. |
| Broadcast | A method of communication where packets are sent to every host on the network. |
| Centralized computing | A model where all computing for a network is done by a large central device. |
| client-server | A model that distributes applications between servers such as Windows Server 2008 and client computers such as Windows 7 or Windows Vista machines. |
| CSMA/CA | Short for carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance. It is used as a method for multiple hosts to communicate on a wireless network and AppleTalk. |
| CSMA/CD | Short for carrier sense multiple access with collision detection. It is the method for multiple hosts to communicate on a Ethernet. |
| computer telephony integration (CTI) | When a company's telephone system meets its computer system. Here, special PBXs that used to control phones as a separate entity can now be controlled by servers with power software. |
| CTI-based server | When a company's telephone system meets its computer system. Here, special PBXs that used to control phones as a separate entity can now be controlled by servers with powerful software |
| data transfer rate | Network speed, also known as bit rate. This is defined asthe maximum bits per second (bps) that can be transmitted over a network. |
| database server | A server that provides data for applications. |
| demilitarized zone (DMZ) | Also known as a perimeter network, a small network that is set up from a company's private LAN and the Internet. |
| distributive computing | A model where computing is provided by each host. |
| Ethernet | A networking standard that has a set of rules that govern the transmission of data between network adapters and various central connecting devices. |
| file server | A server that stores files for computers to share. |
| frames | A group of bytes packaged by a network adapter for transmission across the network. |
| full duplex | A type of communication where traffic is sent in both directions at the same time. |
| half duplex | A type of communication where traffic is sent in both directions but only one at a time. |
| host | A device or computer has an IP address. |
| hub | A basic central connecting device (sometimes referred to as CCDs - repeater) that connects each of the networked computers, known as hosts, to one another by way of copper-based cables. Also considered a legacy device. |
| IEEE 802.3 | A standard that defines carrier sense multiple access with collision detection or CSMA/CD. Because computers on a default Ethernet LAN all share the same channel, CSMA/CDD governs the way that computers co-exist with limited collisions. |
| IP address | A logical address that identifies a device of host connected on a network. |
| local area network (LAN) | A group of these computers that are confined to a small geographic area, usually one building. |
| medium dependent interface (MDI) | A port used to daisy chain or stack one or more hubs or switches. |
| mesh topology | A topology where every host or server is connected to every other host or server. |
| message server | Email servers, but also fax, instant messaging, collaborative, and other types of messaging servers. For a Windows Server to control email, special software known as Exchange Server has to loaded in addition to the operating system. |
| Microsoft ISA Server | Microsoft's firewall and proxy server. |
| Microsoft Visio | A common tool used for network documentation. |
| multistation access unit (MAU) | A central connecting device usually associated with Token Ring. |
| network adapter | Also known as a network interface card or NIC, it is the device that enables you to send and receive data to and from your computer. |
| network controller | A controlling server such as a Microsoft domain controller, it is in charge of user accounts, computer accounts, network time, and general well-being of an entire domain of computers and users. |
| network documentation | Any information that helps describe, define, and otherwise explain how computers are connected in a physical and logical way. |
| network operating system | An operating system used by a server to provide network services. |
| network topology | A method that defines the physical connections of hosts in a computer. |
| peer-to-peer (P2P) | A model where each computer has an equal ability to serve data and to access data, just like any other computer on the network. |
| perimeter network | Also known as DMZ, a small network that is setup separately from a company's private LAN and the Internet. |
| print server | A server controls printers that can be connected directly to the server or (and more commonly) are connected to the network. |
| ring topology | A topology that forms a ring or loop. |
| RJ45 | A common connector or plug used on the end of the network cable. |
| serial data transfer | A method where data is sent, one bit at a time. |
| star topology | A topology where each computer is individually wired to a central connecting device with twisted-pair cabling. |
| switch | A device similar to a hub that connects computers to a central point. However, different from a hub, in general, a switch will only forward traffic to its destination instead of broadcasting |
| Transceiver | A device or component that can transmit and receive data. |
| unicast | A communication method where traffic is only sent to the computer or host that is meant to be sent to. |
| virtual LAN (VLAN) | A group of hosts with a common set of requirements that communicate as if they were connected together in a normal fashion on one switch, regardless of their physical location. |
| web server | A server that share data and provide information about a company using HTML web pages |
| wireless access point (WAP) | A central connecting device used in wireless networks. |
| wireless LAN (WLAN) | A network that uses wireless signals |
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