Help
Options
Question
Chemical messenger transported by bloodstream and stimulates physiological responses elsewhere in the body
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Glands, tissues or cells that secrete hormones are part of this
Remaining cards (76)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
EndocrineSystem17
Ch. 17 Endocrine System (Anatomy)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical messenger transported by bloodstream and stimulates physiological responses elsewhere in the body | Hormone |
| Glands, tissues or cells that secrete hormones are part of this | Endocrine system |
| Release products via the blood stream | Endocrine gland |
| Release products via ducts which connect to the surface or to the inside of a cavity | Exocrine gland |
| Neurons that release their secretions into the bloodstream, secrete hormones like oxytocin and epinephrine | Neuroendocrine cells |
| The study of the endocrine system and the diagnosis/treatment of it's disorders | Endocrinology |
| May occur, because the circulating hormone is in an inactive form and only the target has the enzyme needed to convert it to the active form | Selective response |
| Final destination for a hormone | Target |
| (hormone): Labor contractions, mother-infant bonding | Oxytocin |
| (hormone): Promotes secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone |
| (hormone): Widespread tissue growth | Growth hormone |
| (hormone): Inhibits secretion of prolactin | Prolactin-inhibiting hormone |
| (hormone): milk synthesis | Prolactin |
| (hormone): Sperm production | Follicle-stimulating hormone |
| (hormone): Water retention | Antidieuretic hormone |
| ____ hormones are not secreted at constant raites but rather the timing/amount of secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus, other brain centers, and feedback from target organs | Pituitary |
| There seems to be a relationship between ___ and mood disorders including depression and sleep disturbances | Melatonin |
| PMS and SAD can be treated with ___, frequent exposure to mild amounts of UV radiation. | Phototherapy |
| In treating endocrine disorders, it is essential to understand the role of ___ in order to alleviate the issue. | Hormone receptors |
| Fredrick Sanger received the Nobel Prize in 1958 for decoding the sequence for this protein. | Insulin |
| ACTH relies on cAMP as a second messenger because it is in a ___ pairing. | Permissive |
| Prostaglandins are derived from ___ | Arachidonic acid |
| ___, found in the thyroid gland, stimulate bone deposition by responding to rising levels of blood calcium and secreting calcitonin. | C cells |
| The receptor for insulin are located on the target cell ___. | Membrane |
| The ___ is actually considered more exocrine than endocrine tissue. | Pancreas |
| Develops from the hypophyseal pouch of the embryo and constitutes the anterior 3/4 of the pituitary | Adenohypophysis |
| Growth hormone hypersecretion in adulthood causes a disease called___ | Acromegaly |
| The dominant hormone in the stage of resistance of the stress response is ___ | Cortisol |
| Adrenal steroids that regulate glucose metabolism are collectively called ___ | Glucocorticoids |
| Testosterone is secreted by the ___ cells of the testes | Interstitial |
| Target cells can reduce pituitary secretion via a process called ___ | Negative feedback inhibition |
| A hormone is said to have a ___ effect when it stimulates the target cell to develop receptors for other hormones to follow; second messengers | Permissive |
| ___ is a process in which a cell increases its umber of receptors for a hormone | Up-regulation |
| The ___ is the largest endocrine gland in adults | Thyroid |
| Plays a role in three systems: endocrine, lymphatic and immune | Thymus |
| Believed to be involved in maintaining the body's circadian rhythms | Pineal gland |
| Secreted in response to hypocalcemia | Parathyroid hormone |
| Elongated, spongy gland located below and behind the stomach | Pancreas |
| (hormone): Antagonizes parathyroid hormone and stimulates osteoblast activity | Calcitonin |
| (hormone): Any hormone that raises blood glucose concentration | Hyperglycemic hormone |
| (hormone): primary adrenal sex steroids | Androgens |
| (hormone): regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy | Progesterone |
| (hormone): Stimulates fat and protein catabolism and helps body to adapt to stress | Glucocorticoids |
| (hormone): Stimulates fetal and adolescent reproductive development, muscle/bone growth and sperm production | Testosterone |
| (hormone): Increase alertness and prepare body in several ways for physical activity | Catecholamines |
| The thyroid has a ___ effect; it raises oxygen levels, increases heat production and in turn increases metabolic rate | Calorigenic |
| One hormone molecule can activate millions of enzyme molecules through ___ | Enzyme amplification |
| Strip of tissue between the anterior lobe and neurohypophysis; present only in human fetuses and not in adults | Pars intermedia |
| Hormones which target the ovaries and testes | Gonadotropins |
| Release hormones in response to signals from the nervous system | Neuroendocrine reflexes |
| All hormones have a ___; time required for 50% of the hormone to be cleared from the blood | Half-life |
| Shrinkage of an organ | Involution |
| ___, which mature in the thymus, are critically important for immune defense | T cells |
| The ___ acts as both an endocrine gland and a ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system | Adrenal medulla |
| Produces more than 25 steroid hormones | Adrenal cortex |
| __ helps to maintain blood volume and pressure as it stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium in the body fluids and excrete potassium in the urine. | Aldosterone |
| Secrete glucagon between meals when the blood glucose concentration declines | A cells |
| Secreted during and immediately following a meal when blood nutrient levels are rising | Insulin |
| Stimuates the stomach's acid secretion, motility and emptying | Gastrin |
| Derived from cholesterol | Steroid hormones |
| Made from amino acids and retain an amino group | Monoamines |
| Chains of 3-200+ amino acids | Peptide hormones |
| Process in which a cell reduces its receptor population and thus becomes less sensitive to a hormone | Down-regulation |
| Two or more hormones act together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate effects. | Synergistic effect |
| One hormone opposes the action of another | Antagonistic effect |
| Initial response to stress; catecholamines prepare the body to take action such as fighting or escaping the danger | Alarm reaction |
| If a stressful situation is not resolved before the glycogen is gone (few hours), the body enters the ____ | Stage or resistance |
| When the body is depleted of energy, the stress overwhelms homeostasis and you've entered the ___; which can be fatal | Stage of exhaustion |
| Important family of paracrine secretions that have 20- carbon backbones derived from arachidonic acid | Eicosanoids |
| Chemical signals released into the tissue fluid and not into the blood | Paracrine messengers |
| Inhibits blood clotting and vasoconstriction | Prostacyclin |
| Stimulate blood clotting and vasoconstriction | Thromboxanes |
| Promote fever and pain; alter sensitivity of anterior pituitary to hypothalamic hormones; function as neuromodulators; inhibit gastric secretin; constrict/dilate bronchioles, etc | Prostaglandins |
| Condition of chronic polyuria (over urination) without glucose in the urine | Diabetes insipidus |
| Thickening of the bones and soft tissues with noticeable effects on the hands, feet and face | acromgaly |
| Excess cortisol secretion owing to any of several causes: ACTH hypersecretion, ACTH-secreting tumors, or hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex | Cushing syndrome |
| Disruption of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from the hyposecretion or inaction of insulin | Diabetes mellitus |
Created by:
SavannahElkins
Popular Biology sets