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1406 TEST 1
BASIC CHEMISTRY AND THE BIOMOLECULES
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical equilibrium is _____________________ | forward and reverse reactions continue without any effect on the concentrations of the reactants or products |
| If an atom has an atomic number of 14, what does that mean???? | 14 protons & 14 electrons are present |
| If the atomic number is 14, how many electrons are in the outermost shell of the atom? | 4 |
| A covalent bond is one that | has shared electrons of 2 atoms to satisfy the rule of 8 |
| What happens when electrons are shared unequally??? | a polar covalent bond |
| What is an ionic bond involve?? | attraction because of the electrical attraction |
| What explains the attraction of water molecules to each other?? | hydrogen bonds between the H (+) of one water and the O (-) of another |
| In the water molecule, how are H and O bonded together?? | polar covalent bonds |
| Water is cohesive because of it's _________ | hydrogen bonding created by their polar covalent properties |
| Water evaporates when __________ | the hydrogen bonds between each molecule breaks |
| What makes ice less dense and float? | hydrogen bonds keep the water molecules farther apart and therefore less dense |
| An oil or lipid is nonpolar and therefore __________ which is insoluble in water. | hydrophobic |
| 2,3,4, or 6.....which has the highest concentration of H+ ions? | 2 (lower number, higher concentration) |
| Organic chemistry is based on compounds made with which element??? | carbon |
| How many bonds can Carbon have? Why? | 4, it has room for 4 electrons in the outermost shell |
| Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? | most of their bonds are nonpolar covalent C-H bonds |
| What 2 functional groups are always found protein monomers? | amino and carboxyl |
| Starch, DNA double helix, muscle fiber, fructose.....which one is not the polymer??? | fructose, it's a monomer (monosaccharide) |
| A compound with the formula, C6H12O6, would it be glucose, a monosaccharide, or a carbohydrate??? | all 3 |
| An organic compound with C-H-O and H-O is a 2:1 ratio is a _______________________. | carbohydrate |
| Plant cell walls are composed of what polysaccharide??? | cellulose |
| A solid at room temperature, saturated or unsatured fat???? | saturated |
| A liquid at room temperature, saturated or unsaturated fat??? | unsaturated |
| Multiple double bonds in the carbon chains, saturated or unsaturated fat??? | unsaturated |
| All single bonds in the carbon chains, saturated or unsaturated fat??? | saturated |
| Fats most common in animals, saturated or unsaturated??? | saturated |
| Contain more hydrogen with the same number of Carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated fats?? | saturated |
| Triglycerides or triacylglycerols are composed of ________________? | 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| Cholesterol, antibodies, insulin, enzymes, hemoglobin......which one is not composed of amino acids? | cholesterol |
| How many amino acids are there and what makes them unique? | 20, each one has a different radical |
| What type bond is formed by condensation in proteins?? | peptide bonds |
| What is formed by bonding of these 3 groups, a phosphate, a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar?? | a nucleotide |
| What lipid molecule is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic? | a phospholipid |
| What compound is the major component of plasma membranes??? | phospholipid |
| What pentose sugar is found in DNA??? | deoxyribose |
| What pentose sugar is found in RNA??? | ribose |
| which four elements make up 96% of living matter | C H N O |
| the most important polar covalently bonded molecule | water |
| what makes each element unique? | the number of protons |
| strongest of bonds | covalent and polar covalent |
| weakest of bonds and attractions | hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interaction, and hydrophobic interactions |
| created by attraction of ions in water | ionic bonds |
| water can form hydrogen bonds with compounds that have what characteristic?? | polar covalent bonds |
| what makes a compound hydrophobic | nonpolar |
| carbon is most likely to form what kind of bonds | covalent |
| which functional group is an acid | carboxyl |
| which functional group is an alcohol | OH |
| which functional groups are carbonyls | C=O, ketones and aldehydes |
| which carbohydrates are polymers | polysaccharides; starches, cellulose, chitin, glycogen |
| what process builds polymers by adding a monomer with the removal of a water molecule | condensation; dehydration synthesis |
| what process breaks down polymers by adding a water molecule | hydrolysis; digestion |
| an organic compound has a formula of C5 H10 O5, what would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking 5 of these monomers together by dehydration synthesis | C25 H42 O21 you have to subtract 4 waters = H8 O4 |
Created by:
hembreeb72
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