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Legal Environment
Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. |
| Checks and Balances | The system by which each of the three branches of the national government exercises a check on the actions of the others. |
| Commerce Clause | The provision in Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. |
| Compelling Government Interest | A test of constitutionality that requires the government to have convincing reasons for passing any law that restricts fundamental rights, such as free speech, or distinguishes between people based on a suspect trait. |
| Due Process Clause | The provisions in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments that guarantee that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. |
| Equal Protection Clause | The provision in the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees that a state may not “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” |
| Establishment Clause | The provision in the First Amendment that prohibits the government from establishing any state-sponsored religion or enacting any law that promotes religion or favors one religion over another. |
| Federal Form of Government | A system of government in which the states form a union and the sovereign power is divided between the central government and the member states. |
| Filtering Software | A computer program that is designed to block access to certain Web sites based on their content. |
| Free Exercise Clause | The provision in the First Amendment that prohibits the government from interfering with people’s religious practices or forms of worship. |
| Meta Tag | A key word in a document that can serve as an index reference to the document. |
| Police Powers | Powers possessed by states as part of their inherent sovereignty. |
| Preemption | A doctrine under which certain federal laws preempt, or take precedence over, conflicting state or local laws. |
| Supremacy Clause | The requirement in Article VI of the U.S. Constitution that provides that the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States are “the supreme Law of the Land.” |
| Symbolic Speech | Nonverbal expressions of beliefs. |
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