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SB82 Nutrition
SB82 Nutrition -Loosely taken from Fiser's ABSITE review chapter 10 on Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the daily caloric need? | 25 kcal / kg/ day |
| A 10% lipid solution contains how many kcal per mL? | 1.1 kcal / mL |
| What are the daily nutritional requirements for protein for an average male? | 1 g protein / kg / day |
| What percentage of daily protein intake should be essential amino acids? | 20% |
| What percentage of daily calories should be from fat? | 30% |
| How much does trauma or sepsis increase the daily calorie requirement?(percentage) | 20-40% |
| Pregnancy increases the daily calorie requirement by ___________ kcal / day | 300 |
| Lactation increases the daily calorie requirement by ___________ kcal / day | 500 |
| Equation for basal calorie expenditure in burns | 25 kcal/kg/day + (30kcal/day x %burn) |
| Equation for basal PROTEIN requirement in burns | 1.0-1.5 g protein/kg/day + (3g protein x %burn) |
| Basal metabolic rate increases by _______% for each degree above 38.0 OC | ten |
| Main fuel for colonocytes _____________ | SCFA |
| Main fuel for small bowel enterocytes ___________ | Glutamine |
| Primary fuel for neoplastic cells ____________ | Glutamine |
| Half-life of albumin _____________ | 20 days |
| Half-life of transferrin _____________ | 10 days |
| Half-life of prealbumin _____________ | 2 days |
| Definition of respiratory quotient | CO2 produced divided by O2 consumed |
| Respiratory quotient in pure fat metabolism | 0.7 |
| Respiratory quotient in pure carbohydrate metabolism | 1.0 |
| Main amino acid precursor for gluconeogenesis ______________ | Alanine |
| Gluconeogenesis occurs in the _____________ in the late stages of starvation | Kidney |
| The only two amino acids to increase during times of stress | Alanine and phenylalanine |
| During normal metabolism, the brain primarily uses __________ for energy | Glucose |
| During starvation, the brain primarily uses __________ for energy | Ketones |
| Cachexia is mediated by ____________ | TNF-alpha |
| Problems that occur during refeeding syndrome | Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemis, hypophosphatemia, cardiac dysfunction, fluid shifts |
| How much protein do you need ot geet 1 gram of nitrogen? | 6.25 g |
| Total protein synthesis for a healthy adult 70 kg male | 250 g / day |
| Major breakdown products of skeletal muscle | Glutamine, alanine |
| Medium and short-chain fatty acids enter enterocytes by this method _________ | Simple diffusion |
| Medium and short-chain fatty acids are transported through the _________ | Portal system |
| Long-chain fatty acids form __________________ before fusing with the enterocyte membrane during absorption | Micelles |
| After micelles enter enterocytes, they form _______________ | chylomicrons |
| Chylomicrons are transported to the systemic circulation via the ___________ | Thoracic duct |
| Chylomicrons are cleared from the blood by _________________ on the liver endothelium | Lipoprotein lipase |
| Short and medium-chain fatty acids are cleared from the blood by ______________, located on the liver endothelium | Free fatty acid binding protein |
| The preferred source of energy for the liver, heart and skeletal muscle ____________ | Fatty acids |
| Essential fatty acids include ___________ acid and ___________ acid | Linoleic, linolenic |
| Essential fatty acids are needed for ________________ synthesis | Prostaglandin |
| Omega-3 fatty acids are thought to have what beneficial properties? ______________ | Antioxidant |
| Fructose is absorbed through this method __________ | Facilitated diffusion |
| Glucose and galactose are absorbed through this method ___________ | Secondary active transport |
| The sequence of enzymes involved in protein catabolism | Pepsin -> trypsin -> chymotrypsin -> carboxypeptidase |
| Trypsinogen is released in inactive form by the pancreas, then activated to trypsin by ______________ | Enterokinase |
| Enterokinase is released from which structure? _____________ | Duodenum |
| Branched-chain amino acids (3) | Leucine, isoleucine, valine |
| During the Cori cycle, glucose is converted to lactate in the muscle. Then lactate goes to the liver and is converted to _________ and eventually to glucose through gluconeogenesis. | Pyruvate |
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StudyBug82
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