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rocks
rocks defintion test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abrasive material | any natural or artificial substance suitable for grinding, polishing, cutting or scouring |
| acicular crystals | Crystals with a very elongated habit; needle-shaped |
| Aphanitic | whose constituents are too small to be distinguished by the naked eye |
| Attitude | a general term to describe the relation of a directional feature in a rock to a horizontal plane |
| Barite | natural finely ground barium sulfate used for increasing the density of drilling fluids |
| Basalt | a general term for dark colored iron and magnesium rich igneous rock. it is the principal rock type making up the ocean floor |
| Bedding plane | surface separating each successive layer of stratified rock from the preceding or following layer. it often marks a change in the circumstances of deposition and may show a parting, a colour difference, or both. |
| Bedrock | A term for solid rock that lies underneath soil or loose (unconsolidated0 sediment |
| Bentonite | commercially available colloidal clay in powder or granular form largely made up of the mineral sodium montmorillonite, a hydrated aluminum silicate. swells when absorbs water |
| Calcareous | Containing calcium carbonate |
| Canadian Shield | a large area of exposed basement rocks in a craton, commonly with a very gently convex surface, surrounded by sediment covered platforms> The rocks of virtually all shield areas of Precambrian |
| Cementation | the process by which clastic sediments are converted into rock by precipitation of mineral cement among the grains of the sediment |
| Cleavage | The breaking of a mineral along its crystallographic planes, thus reflecting crystal structure |
| Colloid | Extremely small solid particles, 0.0001 to 1 micron in size, which will not settle out of a solution; intermediate between a true dissolved particle and a suspended solid which will settle out of solution. |
| Conchoidal | a curved fracture surface typical of glassy rocks such as obsidian or quartz |
| consolidated | any process whereby loose, soft, or liquid earth materials become firm and coherent e.g the cooling of a lava or the cementation of a sand. |
| crystalline | of or pertaining to the nature of a crystal; having regular molecular structure |
| crystallization | the process by which matter becomes crystalline, from a gaseous, fluid, or dispersed state. |
| dendritic | said of mineral that has crystallized in branching pattern |
| deposition | the laying down of rock forming material by any natural agent e.g the mechanical settling of sediment from suspension in water. |
| detritus | loose rock and mineral material produced by mechanical means, e.g. disintegration or abrasion, and removed from its place of origin |
| Deviation | The departure of a drilled hole from being straight |
| dip | the angle that a stratum or any planar feature makes with the horizontal, measured perpendicular to the strike and in vertical plane |
| drusy | an irregular cavity or opening in a vein or rock, having its interior surface walls, encrusted with small projecting crystals, usually of the same minerals as those of the enclosing rock |
| effervescent | the act or process of bubbling |
| erosion | the physical removing of broken particles or sediments by running water |
| extrusive | molten rock that reaches the earths surface |
| fault | a discrete surface or zone of discrete surfaces separating two rock masses across which one has slid past the other |
| feldspar | a group of abundant rock forming minerals which are the most widespread of any mineral group and constitute 60% of the earths crust |
| fish | any object lost in the borehole |
| fissile | capable of being easily split along closely spaced planes |
| fissures | extensive cracks, breaks, or fractures in the rocks. May contain mineral bearing material |
| Folded | Usually a product of deformation, but the definition does not specify manner of origin |
| foliated | the planer arrangement of textural or structural features in any type of rock |
| foliation | the banded appearance seen in metamorphic rocks such as gneiss |
| footwall | the wall rock beneath an inclined vein or fault |
| fracture | Breaks or rocks or soil due to folding or faulting |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | an understanding or arrangement based on honour and not legally binding |
| Geological Time Scale | An arbitrary chronological arrangement of geological events, commonly presented in chart form with the oldest event and time unit at the bottom and the youngest at the top |
| Hackly showing jagged points in | showing jagged points in fracture |
| Hanging Wall | The wall rock above an inclined vein or fault |
| Igneous | Rocks that solidified from molten or partly molten material, that is, from magma |
| Intrusive | those igneous rocks formed from magma injected beneath the earth's surface. generally these rocks have large crystals caused by slow cooling |
| Isopach | A line drawn on map through points of equal true thickness of a designated stratigraphic unit or group of stratigraphic units |
| Karts Topography | water moving through fractures in limestone has dissolved the rock, enlarging fractures and creating caverns. Characterized by sink holes, caves, and underground drainage |
| Laminated | Consisting of very thin compositional layers. in sedimentary rocks, layers less then 1 cm thick |
| lava | magma found on the earths surface and associated with extrusive igneous rocks |
| Lithification | the conversion of newly deposited sediment into a sold rock, involving such processes as cementation, compaction, and crystallization |
| Magma | naturally occurring molten rock material, generated within the earth and capable of intrusion and extrusion, from which igneous rocks have been derived through solidification and related processes. |
| massive | Said of rocks of any origin that are more or less the same in structure, texture or fabric |
| Metamorphic | any rock derived from pre-existing rocks by mineralogical,chemical, and/ or structural changes, essentially in the solid state in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress, and chemical environment |
| Mohs Scale | A standard of ten minerals by which the hardness of a mineral may be rated. the scale includes from softest to hardest: talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, and diamond |
| Permeability | the ability of an aquifer or water bearing formation to allow water to pass through it; the capacity of an aquifer to permit the movement of water. Also a measure of how easily water flows through a material. |
| pH | a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of water. Originally stood for the words "potential of hydrogen" |
| Phaneritic | Said of the texture of an igneous rock in which the individual components are distinguishable with the unaided eye. refers to a coarse grained igneous rock that cooled slowly from magma |
| Plate Tectonics | A theory of global tectonics in which the lithosphere is divided into a number of plates whose pattern of horizontal movement is that torsionally rigid bodies that interact with one another at their boundaries, causing seismic and tectonic activity |
| Polymer | A substance formed by the union of two or more molecules of the same kind linked end to end into another compound having the same elements in the same proportion but a higher molecular weight and different physical properties |
| Porosity | the percentage of voids or porous openings in rock soil that can be filled with water. an indication of how much water an aquifer can store. |
| Precipitate | separate a substance out from a solution as a solid |
| Rock Cycle | A sequence of events involving the formation alteration, destruction, and reformation of rocks as a result of such processes a magmatism, erosion, transportation, deposition, lithification, and metamorphism |
| Salted sample | to place gold or any valuable ore in the ground or in a mine, in order to give a false impression of the richness of the property |
| sandstone | sedimentary rock composed of abundant rounded or angular fragments of sand set in a fine grained matrix (silt or clay) and more or less firmly united by a cementing material |
| Schistosity | the platly structure seen in some metamorphic rocks created by the formation of sheet-like minerals |
| sedimentary | loose particles and fragments of rocks such as sand or gravel produced by weathering. Can be transported by wind, water, and ice to form sedimentary deposits that eventually lithify to form sedimentary rocks |
| shale | fine grained sedimentary rocks, formed by the consolidation of clay, silt, or mud. it is characterized by finely laminated structure and is sufficiently indurate so that it will not fall apart on wetting |
| specific gravity | the ratio of the wright of any volume of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of pure water |
| Strike | the direction taken by a structural surface e.g. a bedding plane, as it intersects the horizontal |
| tensile strength | the resistance of a material to a force tending to tear it apart |
| tight hole | a drilling or completed well about which information is kept secret by the operator |
| unconsolidated | formations of materials that is loose and soft such as sand, gravel, silt and clay. these formations are widely distributed and can possess good storage and water transmissivity characteristics |
| UTM | universal transverse mercator |
| Vugs | a small unfilled cavity in a rock, usually dolomite. These are created when limestone is transformed to dolomite during diagenesis |
| Vugular | a small cavity in a vein or rock from the size of small pea upwards; it is usually used with reference to limestone |
| weathering | the in-situ physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rock materials at or near the earths surface |
| Wildcat Well | an exploratory well drilled for oil or gas on a geological feature not yet proven to be productive, or in an unproven territory, or in a zone that has never produced or is not known to be productive in the general area |
Created by:
lully1994
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