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Chemistry Review-SR
Chemistry Review 1-110
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the four elements in proteins Differentiates this class of substances from carbs and lipids? | Nitrogen |
| Which of the proteins is soluble in water? | Albumin |
| How many amino acids joined together to form a chainlike structure? | peptide bonding |
| Proteins may become denatured when subjected to mechanical agitation, heat, or chemical treatment. What does denaturation of protiens refer to? | Alteration of tertiary structure |
| Which aminoacidopathy is NOT caused by an enzyme deficiency? | cystinuria |
| How many immunoglobulin classes are currently recognized? | five |
| Which reagent is employed in th eserum protein determination? | Biuret |
| Why should hemolyzed serum not be used for total protein analysis? | Hemolglobin is absored at the wavelength as protein in the reagent |
| Why is bromcresol purple the prferred indicator for albumin dye binding techniques? | there is less interference form pigment(s). |
| What is the most anodic protein on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 | Albumin |
| If an electrophoretic pattern shows 30%albumin, 4-10% alpha-globulin, and 45% gamma-globulin,then what condition may exist in the patient? | Monoclonal gammopathy |
| Glycoportiens and mucoprotiens are usually bound to which substances? | Carbohydrates |
| All of the following are glycoproteins EXCEPT which one? ceruloplasmin, FSH, fibrinogen or cryoglobulin. | cryoglobulin |
| Which one of the following applies to cryoglobulins? a)they are temperature sensitiveb)the specimen should clot at room temp.c)the specimen is incubated at 22degrees C for 24hrs.d) only quanititative tests are available | a)they are temperature sensitive proteins |
| Decreased alpha-fetoprotein values are associated with which condition? | down syndrome |
| Which of the following proteins transports iron? ceruloplasmin, hemopexin transferrin or haptoglobin | transferrin |
| In acute renal failure, which nonprotein nitrogen rises the fastest? | Blood Urea Nitrogen(bun) |
| By the urease method, urea is enzymatically converted to which end product? | ammonia |
| Why can untreated urine be usded for the determination of urea by the diacetyl monoxime method? | the method is not measuring ammonia |
| An elevated creatinine value is most likely to be accompanied by what values? | elevated blood urea nitrogen, 10x creatinine value |
| What is the classical method for creatinine reaction? | Jaffe |
| The measurement of creatinine is based on the fomation of a yellow-red color and which reagent? | alkaline picrate |
| The creatinine clearance test is based on whcih assumption? | creatinine passes into the ultrafiltrate |
| What is the most common clearance test used to measure the glomerular filtration rate? | creatinine |
| Which disease state is associated with an elevation of serum uric acid? | gout |
| Which reagent is employed in the alkaline oxidation of uric acid? | phosphotungstic acid |
| What does the uricase method for uric acid depend on? | ultraviolet absorption at 290nm before/after treatment with uricase |
| Which one of the analytes is ued as a prognostic indicator for liver failure? | ammonia |
| Which disaccharide is composed of two glucose molecules? | maltose |
| What term is used to describe the process of glycogen degradation? | glycogenolysis |
| What is the renal threshold for glucose? | 140-160 mg/dL |
| Which hormone is produced by the beta cells o fth islets of Langerhans? | insulin |
| Which one o fthe following hormones is considered a glucocorticoid? | cortisol |
| Which one of the following disease is associated with hypoglycemia? Von Gierke's disease, Hashimoto's disease,Cushing's disease or Gilbert disease | Von Gierke's disease |
| What is the specimen of choice for glucose dterminations? | fluorinated plasma |
| What is the most frequently employed automated method for glucose? | coupled enzyme system consisting of glucose oxidcase and peroxidase |
| Contamination of the glucose reagent with catalase is a problem with which glucose method? | glucose oxidase |
| What is the hexokinase methodolgy for glucose dtermination based on? | reduced coenzyme read at 340nm |
| What is the normal fasting blood lucose reference range for adults? | 70-120 mg/dL |
| What does the presence of urinary ketones MOST likely indidcate? | The body is using cabohydrates as the primarty energy source. |
| Which one of the following tests is used to differentiate between inappropritate exogenous insulin administration and endogendous insulin production? | C-peptide |
| The "port wine" color of some urine can be attributed to which of the following? | porphyrins |
| p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is a constituent of which reagent? | Ehrlich |
| Both pophobilinogen and urobilinogen from a red colored compound with Ehrlich's reagent. How can they be differentiated? | urobilinogen is soluble in chloroform |
| Prehepatic bilirubin has whcih of the following for a protien carrier? | albumin |
| Direct-reacting bilirubin is alo known as what substance? | bilirubin diglucuronide |
| An increase in indirect-reacting bilirubin is suggestive of which condition? | hemoglobin breakdown |
| Bilirubin is converted in the intestine to which of the following substances? | urobilinogen |
| Which of the following will interfere with the Evelyn Malloy method for bilirubin? hemolysis,mehtanol, caffeine or lipemia | hemolysis |
| Which one o fthe following definitions best descrbes an enzyme? | Biological catalyst |
| Which of the following is true of an isoenzyme? | The electrophoretic property is differnt for each isoenzyme |
| Why is a metal ion somtimes necessary in an enzymatic reaction? | acts as an activator of the enzyme |
| The Michaelis-Menten constant in the rate of conversion of substrate to product is determined by what factor? | substrate concentrationand the rate of dissociation of the complex |
| In a zero-order reaction, there will be no further increase in velocity due to which one of the following? | all enzyme is bound to substrate |
| What is the reporting unit of measure for enzymes? | IU/L |
| Which enzyme catalyzes this reation? lactate + NAD -> pyruvate + NADH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| Which of the following is true of the isoenzyme LD1? It is heat-labile, slowest migrating, most positivly charged isoenzyme or is present in the highest concentration in heart tissue. | It is present in the highest concentration in heart tissue |
| Which enzyme is most greatly affected by hemolysis? | lactate dehydrogenase |
| An LD isoenzyme elecgtrophoretic pattern that shows an increase in LD1, LD2 and LD3 is seen in which disease state? | pernicious anemia |
| Creatine kinase is clinically significant is disease of which organ? | muscle |
| Creatine kinase is frequenly elevated in acute myocardial infarction and which other disorder? | Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
| Which serum enzyme begins to rise 2-4 hours , has peak activity occurring 12-36 hrs and returns to normal 2-4 days after an acute myocardial infarction? | creatine kinase |
| Aspartate transaminase is elevated in all of the following conditions EXCEPT which one? myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, acute pancreatitis or liver disease. | acute pancreatitis |
| Which enzyme is liver specific? aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase or lacate dehydrogenase | alanine transaminase |
| Which enzyme is the most sensitive indicator of obstructive jaundice? | alkaline phosphatase |
| A high alkaline phosphatase level in the presence of other negative liver funcgtion test is indicative of which disorder? bone disorder, viral hepatitis, prostate cancer or ectopic pregnancy | bone disorder |
| What is the optimum pH for acid phosphatase? | 5.0 |
| What is the clinical significance of an elevaed acid phosphatase? | prostatic disease |
| Which enzyme may be monitored in recovering alcoholics? | gamma-glutamyl transferase |
| Which enzyme is characteristically elevated in mumps? | amylase |
| Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of which substrate? | triglycerides |
| What is the substrate for the Chery-Crandall lipase method? | olive oil |
| In which disease state are the highest levels of aldolase seen? | muscular dystrophy |
| Because ionized calcium can be changed wigthout affecting the total calcium level, what other parameter(s) must beknown to properly evaluagte calcium? | pH and protein |
| All of the following regulate calcium levels EXCEPT which one? Vit. D, calcitonin, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone | aldosterone |
| Which of the following specimens is acceptalbe for the determination of total calcium? EDTA, Fluorinated plasma, oxalated plasma or heparinized plasma. | heparinized plasma |
| In the complexometric titration (EDTA) method for calcium, the pH must be adjusted to prevent what occurrence? | interference by MAGNESIUM |
| The classic Clarke-Collip method for calcium is based on which assumption? | Calcium will be precipitated as an oxalate |
| What is the purpose of lanthanum in the atomic absorption deterination of calcium? | It will bind phosphate |
| At a pH of 7.4 most of the phosphorus in the body is in which form? | bone |
| Inorganic phosphate can be determined from a colorimetric method involving which reagent? | Molybdate |
| What is the most abundant iron-containing compound in the body? | ferritin |
| Why should serum iron be drawn at the same time on consecutive days? | to avoid diurnal variation |
| Which protein trasports the majority of copper in the bloodstream? | ceruloplasmin |
| Increased serum copper is seen in which disease? | Wilson's disease |
| Which analyte is an early indicator of tissue hypoxia? | lactic acid |
| What is the major extracellular cation? | sodium |
| Which hormone acts on the distal convoluted tubule to increase sodium reabsorption? | aldosterone |
| What is the most common method for measuring sodium? | ion-selective electrode |
| Which is one of the following is the major intracellular cation? | potassium |
| Valinomycin can enhance the selecgtivily of which ISE electrode? | potassium |
| All of the following can cause low choloride levels EXCEPT which one? diabetic acidosis,renal failure, prolonged vomiting and dehydration | dehydration |
| Sweat is an appropieate type of specimen for which electrolyte? | chloride |
| In the coulometric-amperometric method for chloride, how is the amout of chloride measured? | time needed to reach the titration end point |
| In the classic Schales-Schales mercurimetric titration) method for chloride, what substance reacts with indicator to form a violet color? | excess Hg++ |
| Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is present in which form? | bicarbonate ion |
Created by:
sabrinaramirez
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