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Pharmacology Final
Question re: Antianginal drugs
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| Stable Angina is? | More frequent pain, that is relieve by drugs |
| Unstable Angina is? | Less pain, not relieved by rest, may even occur during rest |
| The function of Organic Nitrates is? | they dilate the large myocardial arteries to increase the blood supply of the heart |
| Common side effects of Orgnic Nitrates are? | Headache and postural hypotension |
| Six hours is needed between taking this drug ______ and Organic Nitrates to avoid interaction that can cause dangerous hypotension? | Sildenafil (Viagra) |
| This drug giving sublingually is useful in treating all forms of angina? | Nitroglycerine |
| This drug is used for the prevention of angina, not for acute attacks? | Isosoribide dinitrate/ Isosorbide mononitrate |
| The action of B-Blockers when treating the heart is? | They decrease the oxygen demands of the myoardium by lowering both the rate and the force of contraction of the heart |
| Patients with what diseases are B-Blockers contraindicated? | Asthma, diabetes, severe bradycardia, peripherial vascular diease, or COPD |
| How does drugs like Diltiazem, Amlodipine, Averapamil work to trea angina? | They block calcium influx into the smooth muscle cells of the arteries causing them to dilate |
| This cannel calcium blocker drug is no longer used as a single agent because it's toxicity causes myocardial infarctions? | Nifedipine |
| Baby aspirin is a widely used drug to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, what is th mechanism of action of aspirin? | Inhibition of thromboxane a2 snthesis in the platelets |
| Which drug is recommended for loweing blood cholesterol inhibits the synthesis of cholesterol by blocking HMG-CoA reductase? | Rosuvastatin |
| Which is the drug of choice for relieving acute coronary spasm? | Nitrogylcerine |
| What is the mechanism of action of streptokinase when treating MI's? | Activation of plasminogen to plasma |
| The drug used to treat anemia in end renal failure is? | Erythropoietin |
| What is the major side effect of all the anticoagulants? | Hemorrhage |
| What is the mechanism of action of Heparin? | binding of antithrombin III and subsequent rapid inactivation of thrombin and Xa |
| the drug of choice for treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is? | Adenosine |
| Which drug is used to control ventricular rate in artial fibrllatin or flutter? | Digoxin |
| which drug inhibits gastrointestinal absorption of cholesterol? | Ezetimibe |
| This drug interfares with synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors? | Warfarin |
| Which drug inhibits plasminogen activation thereby stopping bleeding? | Aminocaproic acid |
| This drug is used to treat hypertension in pregnant women? | Methyldopa |
| Used to treat heparin induced hemorrhage? | Protamine |
| The side effects of Niacin include? | flushing and pruritus |
| What is the mechanism of action of Clopidegrol? | block platelet aggregation by inhibting platelet ADP receptor |
| The first line of drug therapy for hypertension is? | Diuretics |
| ACE inhibitors and b-Blockers is not effective in which group of patients? | African American |
| Because they do not affect glucose level which type of antihypertension drugs are to treat patients with diabetes? | ACE inhibitors |
| What is the mechanism of action for a-Blocker when treating hypertension? | They produce a competitive block of a1 adrerenoceptors, They dilate both arteries and viens which causes a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and lower the BP, however side effect can be postural hypotension |
| Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin are which class of drugs? | a-Blockers |
| This drug is posionous when giving orally because is hydrolysis to cyanide? | Sodium Nitroprusside |
| What dopamine agonist is used to treat acute hypertensive emergencies? | Fenoldopam |
| What is the mechanism of the antiplalet drug Diprydamole? | Inhibits phosphodiaaterase, increasing cAMP levels in platelets to promote PGI2, increasing the levels of adenosine, a coronary vasodilator |
| This thrombolytic drug activate plasminogen to plasmin? | Streptokinase |
| This drug inhibits plasminogen activation to treat bleeding? | Aminocaproic acid |
| Used to treat end stage renal failure ________ synthesized in the kidney in response to hypoxia or anemia? | Erthropoietin |
| Is used to treat megaloblatic anemia? | Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) or Folic acid |
| This is the first choice for treament of patients with hypercholestoralemia , there structural analogue is a precusor of cholesterol? | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors |
| What are the most potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors? | Atrovastatin and Rosuvastatin |
| What is the adverse effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors? | LV function abnormalities, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis |
| What type of drugs causes the LV to use cholesterol to make more bile acids by binding to bile acids in the small intestines and prevent their reabsorption? | Bile acid sequestrants |
| What is the mechanism of Furosemide? | They inhibit chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle |
| Which loop diuretic is the most ototoxic? | Ethacrynic acid |
| What is the mechanism of Potassium sparing diuretics? | they enhance sodium excretion and retain potassium inthe distal tubule |
| What is the undiserable effect of Spironolactone? | Hyperkalemia |
| This drug may preserve renal blood flow and is used in patient with impaired renal function? | Dopamine |
| This drug increases the contractility of the heart without chaning Bp or heart rate? | Dobutamine |
| What is the mechanism of ClassI antiarrhythmic drugs? | They block sodium entry into the cell during depolarization |
| This Class 1a antiarrythmic drug is useful in the tx of atrial and venticular arrhytmias? | Procainamide |
| This Class 1b drug is used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias? | Lidocaine |
| What is the drug of choice for the tx of Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia? | Adenosine |
Created by:
mswilsonlmt
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