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Pharmacology
Cardiovascular; Endocrine, Chemotherapeutic Drugs
| Drug | Category | Mechanism of Action | Side Effects - C/I | General Category | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enalapril | ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme)(Vasodilator) | 1) Blocks synthesis of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor; 2) Reduces aldosterone secretion from adrenal cortex resulting in net water loss | Causes Dry Cough | Cardiovascular | Particularly useful in hypertension that is a result of increased rennin levels. B/c do not affect glucose levels, used in tmt. of diabetes Pxs w/ hypertension. |
| Lisinopril (Prinivil) | ACE Inhibitor | 1) Blocks synthesis of angiotensin II; 2) Reduces aldosterone secretion from adrenal cortex resulting in net water loss | Causes Dry Cough | Cardiovascular | Particularly useful in hypertension that is a result of increased rennin levels. B/c do not affect glucose levels, used in tmt. of diabetes Pxs w/ hypertension. |
| Losartan (Cozaar) | Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists | Interferes w/ binding of angiotensin II with its receptors | (blank) | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Irbesartan (Avapro) | Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists | Interferes w/ binding of angiotensin II with its receptors | (blank) | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Minoxidil | Direct Vasodilator | Directly relaxes arterioles; Usu. administered by IV | Unwanted hair growth; | Cardiovascular; | Also marketed for male pattern baldness |
| Thiazide Diuretics | Thiazide Diuretic - AntiHypertensive | Inhibit Na & chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending loop & early distal tubule. This loss of ions increases urine volume | Hypokalemia; Hyperglycemia; Hyperuricemia | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Ethacrynic Acid | Loop Diuretic - AntiHypertensive | Inhibit chloride reabsorption in ascending loop of henle | Hyponatremia; Hypocalcemia; Hypomagnesemia; Hyperglycemia; Hyperuricemia; Ototoxicity | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Bumetanide (Bumex) | Loop Diuretic - AntiHypertensive | Inhibit chloride reabsorption in ascending loop of henle | Hyponatremia; Hypocalcemia; Hypomagnesemia; Hyperglycemia; Hyperuricemia; NO Ototoxicity | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Spironolactone (Aldactone) | Potassium Sparing Diuretic - AntiHypertensive | Enhance sodium excretion & retain potassium by an action in the distal tubule. Often used w/ other diuretics to help maintain the K balance. | Hyperkalemia | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Digoxin (Lanoxin) | Cardiac Glycosides | Inhibit Na+-K+-ATPase and enhance releases of intracellular calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum thereby increasing the force of myocardial contraction | Low Therapeutic index; Toxicity= anorexia, nausea, diarrhea; fatigue; visual disturbances | Cardiovascular | Also used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter |
| Dobutamine (Dobutrex) | Sympathomimetics | B1 agonist. Increases contractility of the heart w/o changing BP or heart rate | Dopamine better for Px w/ impaired renal function | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Inamrinone (Inocor) | Phosphodiasterase inhibitor | Inhibit cyclic AMP phospodiasterase in cardiac & vacular muscle. Results in + inotropic action as well as a vasodilatory effect | (blank) | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Milrinone (Primacor) | Phosphodiasterase inhibitor | Inhibit cyclic AMP phosphodiasterase in cardiac & vacular muscle. Results in + inotropic action as well as a vasodilatory effect | (blank) | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Procainamide (Pronestyl) | Antiarrhythmic Class I (Na+ channel blockers) | Block Na entry into cell during depolarization. Decreases the rate of rise of phase 0 of the action potential | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Useful in Tmt. of atrial & ventricular arrhythmias |
| Lidocaine (Xylocaine) | Antiarrhythmic Class I (Na+ channel blockers) | Block Na entry into cell during depolarization. Decreases the rate of rise of phase 0 of the action potential | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Tmt. of ventricular arrhythmias |
| Propranolol (Inderal) | Antiarrhythmic Class II (B-Adrenoceptor blockers) | Stabilize cardiac membrane, slow down conduction through SA & AV nodes, and increase refractory period | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Non-selective B Blocker |
| Amiodarone | Antiarrhythmic Class III (K+ channel blockers) | Prolong repolarization. Useful in treating intractable ventriculary arrhythmias | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Effective in tmt. & prevention of ventricular fibrillation & ventricular tachycardia |
| Verapamil | Antiarrhythmic Class IV/Ca++ channel blockers | Block calcium influx into smooth muscle cells of the arteries causing them to dilate. | H/A; dizziness, hypotension | Cardiovascular | Most effective vs. atrial than ventricular arrhythmias. |
| Diltiazem | Antiarrhythmic Class IV/Ca++ channel blockers | Block calcium influx into smooth muscle cells of the arteries causing them to dilate. | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Most effective vs. atrial than ventricular arrhythmias. |
| Adenosine | Antiarrhythmic | Treats Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia | (blank) | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Nitroglycerine | Antianginal Drug - Organic Nitrates | Dilate the large myocardial arteries to increase the blood supply of HT. Reduces cardiac preload by reducing venous tone. Nitrates increase Nitrites - Increase Nitric Oxide - Inc. cGMP - Inc. Dephosphorylation of myosin light chain causing vacular smoot | H/A; Postural hypotension -- Sildenafil (Viagra) increases action of nitrates causing dangerous hypotension. | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Nifedipine (Procardia) | Ca++ channel blockers | Block calcium influx into smooth muscle cells of the arteries causing them to dilate. | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Black hypertensives respond well. |
| Amlodipine (Norvasc) | Ca++ channel blockers | Block calcium influx into smooth muscle cells of the arteries causing them to dilate. | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Black hypertensives respond well. |
| Atenolol (Tenormin) | B-Blockers (B1) | Prevent sympathetic stimulation of the heart causing decreased HR and cardiac output | Not as effective in lower BP in blacks | Cardiovascular | Good for young peope and Px w/ Angina or H/A |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) | B-Blockers (B1) | Prevent sympathetic stimulation of the heart causing decreased HR and cardiac output | Not as effective in lower BP in blacks | Cardiovascular | Good for young peope and Px w/ Angina or H/A |
| Methyldopa (Aldomet) | Central Acting Adrenergic Drugs | A2 agonist that reduces central sympathetic outflow (i.e. norepinephrine). No direct effect on kidneys | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Safe w/ pregnant women |
| Sodium Nitroprusside | Hypertensive Emergency | Causes prompt vasodilation; poisonous if given orally (hydrolysis to cyanide) | Only give by IV | Cardiovascular | Antidote= Sodium thiosulfate |
| Aspirin | Antiplatelet | Inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting thromboxane A2 synthesis in the platelets | (blank) | Cardiovascular | 81 mg for PX w/ no history of HT attack; 325 mg to those who had a HT attack or stroke previously |
| Clopidegrol (Palvix) | Antiplatelet | Blocks platelet aggregation by inhibiting the binding of ADP to its receptor on platelets and, thuys, inhibit the activiation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors required for platelets to bind to fibrinogen blocking platelet aggregation | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Given after stents |
| Dipyridamole (Persantine) | Antiplatelet | Inhibits phosphodiasterase, increasing cAMP levels in platelets to promote PGI2 (platelet aggregation inhibitor) increasing levels of adenosine, a coronary vasodilator | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) |
| Heparin | Anticoagulant | Inhibit development and enlargement of clots; inactivates thrombin by making antithrombin III very active. | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Protamine is a heparin antagonist to treat hemorrhage. Heparin is a natural anticoagulant in our blood |
| Warferin (Coumadin) | Anticoagulant (Oral) | Antagonize Vitamin K and interfere w/ the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Vitamin K is a antagonist |
| Streptokinase | Thrombolytic Drugs | Lyse already formed clots. Activate plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin digests fibrin forming degradation products. | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Aminocaproic acid: inhibits plasminogen activation. |
| Erythropoietin | Anemic Drugs | Synthesized in Kidney in response to hypoxia or anemia. Used to treat end erythropoiesis. | (blank) | Anemia | Treats end-stage renal failure |
| Cyanocobalamin (Vit. B12) | Anemic Drugs | Treats megaloblastic anemia | (blank) | Anemia | Pernicious anemia |
| Atrovastatin (Lipitor) | AntiHyperlipidemic - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors | Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (final step in cholesterol synthesis). Decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, & triglycerides, & increases HDL | Liver Fx abnormalities; myopathy; rhabdomyolysis | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Rosuvastatin (Crestor) | AntiHyperlipidemic - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors | Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (final step in cholesterol synthesis). Decrease cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, & triglycerides, & increases HDL | Liver Fx abnormalities; myopathy; rhabdomyolysis | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Niacin (Nicobid) | Antihyperlipidemic | Strongly inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue | Flush & pruritis (take aspirin) | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Ezetimibe | Antihyperlipidemic - Cholesterol Absorption inhibitor | Inhibit intestinal absorption of dietary & biliary cholesterol | (blank) | Cardiovascular | (blank) |
| Methimazone (Tapazole) | Endocrine - HyperThyroidism | Inhibits iodination of tyrosine groups & coupling of these groups to form thyroid hormone | (blank) | Endocrine | No effect on stored thyroglobulin |
| Propylthiouracil (PTU) | HyperThyroidism | Inhibits iodination of tyrosine groups & coupling of these groups to form thyroid hormone. Also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 | (blank) | Endocrine | Safe for pregnancy |
| Iodine/Iodide | HyperThyroidism | Inhibits release of thyroxine from thyroid gland (for 2 weeks) | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| PropranololEndocrine - HyperThyroidism | HyperThyroidism | B-Blocker. Suppresses tachycardia & other catecholamine effects. For prpe. of hyperthyroid Px for surgery. | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Levothyroxine (T4) (synthroid) | HypoThyroidism | Replaces normal serum levels of T4 & T3 | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Hydrocortisone (Solu-cortef) | Adrenocorticosteroid | Cortisone Derivative (Steriod) | (blank) | Endocrine | Preferred drug for replacement therapy |
| Prednisone | Adrenocorticosteriod | Cortisone Derivative (Steroid) | (blank) | Endocrine | Drug of choice for maintenance therapy of severe asthma |
| Fludrocortisone (Florinef) | Adrenocorticosteriod | Cortisone Derivative (Steroid) | (blank) | Endocrine | Potent mineralocorticoid activity |
| Aminoglutathione (Cytadren) | Adrenal Hormone Synthesis Inhibitor | Blocks conversion of cholesterol to prenenolone (first step in steroid synthesis) - Used to treat Cushing's syndrome Pxs. | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Spiranolactone (Aldactone) | Adrenal Hormone Synthesis Inhibitor | Inhibits Aldosterone | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Ketoconazole (Nizoral) | Adrenal Hormone Synthesis Inhibitor | Antifungal agent that inhibits all gonadal & adrenal steroid hormone synthesis; Used in Tx of Cushing's Syndrome | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Estadiol (Estraderm) | Sex Steroid | Estrogeon --Reduces osteoporosis in postmenopausal woman | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Diethylstilbestrol (Stilphostrol) | Sex Steroid | Estrogen -- | Assoc. w/ cervical & vaginal carcinoma in daughters of women who took the drung during pregnancy | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Tamoxifen | Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS) | Prevents endogenous estrogens from stimulating tumor growth; Used to treat estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women | Increased risk of uterine cancer observed | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Raloxifene (Evista) | Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS) | Agonist activity in bone, & antagonist activity in breast and endometrial tissue. Binds to estrogen receptors & induces expression of genes that maintain bone density; used to treat & prevent osteoporosis. | Does not cause endometrial/breast cancer | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Clomiphene (Clomid) | Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS) | Acts as an estrogen receptor antagonist in the hypothalamus, interfering w/ the inhibitory feedback of estrogens. Results in an increase in release of GnRH & gonadotropins and in stimulation of ovarian function; used in tmt. of infertility | Multiple conceptions. | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-provera) | Progestins | Progesterone mainas uterine endometrium in secretory phase | weight gain, edema, depression, increased clotting | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Mifepristone ("morning after pill") | Antiprogestin | Terminates pregnancy by breaking down uterine lining | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Testosterone propionate | Testosterone Derivative | Useful for palliative TX of breast cancer | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Fluxymesterone | Testosterone Derivative | Treats hypogonadism which develops in childhood | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Nandrolone phenpropionate | Testosterone Derivative | Tx of metastatic breast cancer | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Finasteride (Propecia) | AntiAndrogen | Inhibit the enzyme which conversts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone which is the major intracellular androgen in most target tissues. Used to treat BPH. At low doses stimulates hair growth in men | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Flutamide | Androgen Receptor Antagonist | Treats excessive hair growth in women & prostate cancer in men | (blank) | Endocrine | (blank) |
| Insulins (Administered by Injection) | Hypoclycemic Drugs | (blank) | Hypoglycemia | Hypoglycemic Drugs | (blank) |
| Chlorpropamide (Diabenase) | Hypoclycemic Drugs | (blank) | Hypoglycemia | Hypoglycemic Drugs | 1st Generation |
| Glipizine (Glucotrol) | Hypoclycemic Drugs | (blank) | Hypoglycemia | Hypoglycemic Drugs | 2nd Generation |
| Acarbose (Precose) | Glycemic Drugs | Slow carbohydrate digestion resulting in lower serum glucose levels after means | Flatulence, diarrhea & abdominal pain | Glycemic Drugs | Act on intestines |
| Rosiglitazone (Avandia) | Glycemic Drugs | Enhances response of target cells to endogenous insulin | Must monitor liver function tests (LFTs) | Glycemic Drugs | (blank) |
| Metformin (Glucophage) | Glycemic Drugs | Reduces intestinal uptake & hepatic production of glucose. Increases sensitivity of tissues to insulin | Lactic acidosis (rare) | Glycemic Drugs | (blank) |
| Albuterol (Ventolin) | Respiratory Drugs - B2 Addrenergic Agonists | Bind to B2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle, causing an increase in the biochemical messenger cyclic AMP. Increased levels of cAMP cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle cells, resulting in bronchodilation. | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | (blank) |
| Terbutaline | B-Adrenergic Agonist | Bind to B2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle causing an increase in the biochemical messenger cyclic AMP. Increased levels of cAMP cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle cells, resulting in brochodilation | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | (blank) |
| Salmeterol | B-Adrenergic Agonist | Bind to B2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle causing an increase in the biochemical messenger cyclic AMP. Increased levels of cAMP cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle cells, resulting in brochodilation | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | Long acting. Not for acute presentations |
| Beclomethasone (Beclovent) | Corticosteriods | Reduce inflamation by reversing mucosal edema, decreasing the permeability of capillaries, and inhibiting the release of leukotriens. | Oral candiasis. Systemic ones cause sodium & water retention & subsequent cardiovascular probloems, weakenss, osteoporosis, peptic ulcers. | Respiratory Drugs | (blank) |
| Aminophyline | Methylxanthines | Increase cAMP levels | H/A, insomnia, tachycardia, dizziness, seizures, etc. | Respiratory Drugs | (blank) |
| Cromolyn (Intal) | Inflammatory Cell Stabilizers | Prevent release of inflammatory mediators (eg. histmine) from mast cells, machrophages, neutrophils & easinophils | Throat irritation | Respiratory Drugs | (blank) |
| Montelukast (Singulair) | Leukotriene Modifiers | Blocks binding of leukotriene D4 to its receptor | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | Leukotriens (products of arachidonic acid metabolism) increase eosinophil migration, mucus production & airway wall edema, and cause brochoconstriction |
| Zileutin (Zyflo) | Leukotriene Modifiers | Blocks binding of leukotriene D4 to its receptor | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | Leukotriens (products of arachidonic acid metabolism) increase eosinophil migration, mucus production & airway wall edema, and cause brochoconstriction |
| OmalizumAB | Monoclonal Antibody | Specific for IgE it binds to human IgE leading to decreased binding of IgE to its receptor on the surface of mast cells & basophils preventing activation & degranulation of these cells. | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | (blank) |
| Surfactant (Exosurf) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | Administered endotracheally in infant respiratory distress syndrome |
| Dornase Alfa (DNase) (Pulmozyme) | (blank) | Decreases viscosity of bronchial secretions | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | Admin. by inhalation to Px w/ cystic fibrosis |
| PalivizumAB | Antibody | Provides passive immunity in high risk infants | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | Targeted against Respiratory Syncytical Virus |
| Budesonide (Rhinocort) | Intranasal Steroids | Inhibits inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa | (blank) | Respiratory Drugs | (blank) |
| Amoxycillin, Clarithromycin, Metronidazole | Antibiotics | Treats H. Pylori unlcers | (blank) | Gastrointestinal - Upper GI | (blank) |
| Cimetidine (Tagamet) | H2 Histamine Receptor Antagonist | Prevent histamine-induced acid release. Binds to cytochrome P-450 | Increases concentration of anticoagulants, theophyline, lidocaine,phenytoin, benzodiazepines, propranolol by inhibiting enzyme | Gastrointestinal - Upper GI | (blank) |
| Ranitidine (Zantac) | H2 Histamine Receptor Antagonist | Prevent histamine-induced acid release. Binds to cytochrome P-450 | Increases concentration of anticoagulants, theophyline, lidocaine,phenytoin, benzodiazepines, propranolol by inhibiting enzyme | Gastrointestinal - Upper GI | Less inhibition of P-450 |
| Famotidine (Pepcid) | H2 Histamine Receptor Antagonist | Prevent histamine-induced acid release. Binds to cytochrome P-450 | Increases concentration of anticoagulants, theophyline, lidocaine,phenytoin, benzodiazepines, propranolol by inhibiting enzyme | Gastrointestinal - Upper GI | No inhibition of P-450 |
| Aluminum Salts | Antacid | Neutralize gastric acids | Constipation | Gastrointestinal - Upper GI | (blank) |
| Magnesium Salts | Antacid | Neutralize gastric acids | Constipation | Gastrointestinal - Upper GI | (blank) |
| Omeprazole (Prilosec) | Proton pump inhibitors | Inhibit H+-K+-ATPase enzyme (Proton pump) of the parietal cell reducing acid secretion | (blank) | Gastrointestinal - Upper GI | Used to treat GERD, DU, & ypersecretory states (eg. ZE syndrome) |
| Lansoprazoe (Prevacid) | Proton pump inhibitors | Inhibit H+-K+-ATPase enzyme (Proton pump) of the parietal cell reducing acid secretion | (blank) | Gastrointestinal - Upper GI | Used to treat GERD, DU, & ypersecretory states (eg. ZE syndrome) |
| Sucralfate (Carafate) | Mucosal protective agent | Sucrose & polyaluminum hydroxide polymerize at low pH to form protective coating | Constipation | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Upper GI tract | (blank) |
| Misoproston | Prostaglandins | Increases HCO3 & mucin release reducing acid secretion | Uterine contraction | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Upper GI tract | Used for prevention of ulcers caused by aspirin & other NSAIDs |
| Dicyclomine (Bentyl) | Muscarinic antagonist | Nonspecific direct relaxant effect on smooth muscle decreasing motility of bowels | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Upper GI tract | Used to treat IBD Pxs |
| Metoclopromide (Reglan) | Misc. | Increases rate of gastric emptying | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Upper GI tract | (blank) |
| Cisapride (Propulsid) | Misc. | Increases rate of gastric emptying | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Upper GI tract | (blank) |
| Diphenoxylate & Atropine (Lomotil) | Opiate | Diphenoxylate is an agonist at opiate receptors in GI tract & atroppine blocks muscarinic receptors inhibiting perstalsis | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI tract | Used for Diarrhea |
| Loperamide (Imodium) | Opiate | Inhibits peristalsis | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI tract | Used for Diarrhea |
| Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) | Absorbents | Absorbs toxins produced by bacteria & other GI irritants | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI tract | Diarrhea |
| Kaolin/Pectin (Keopectate) | Absorbents | Absorbs toxins produced by bacteria & other GI irritants | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI tract | Diarrhea |
| Mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) | Inflammatory bowel agent | (blank) | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI tract | Primary therapy for ulcerative colitis & Crohn's disease |
| Sulfasalazine (Azulfadine) | Inflammatory bowel agent | (blank) | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI tract | (blank) |
| Infliximab (Remicade) | Monoclonal Antibody | Binds to & inhibits TNF-A, a proinflmmatory protein produced by immunce cells. | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI Tract | Refractory Crohn's diseas; Also used for rheumatoid arthritis |
| Psyllium (Metamucil) | Bulk Forming Agent | Nondigested plant cell wall absrobs water into feces | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI Tract | (blank) |
| Bisacodyl (Dulcolas) | Stimulant Laxatives & Cathartics | Increases water & electrolytes in feces & increases intestinal motility | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI Tract | (blank) |
| Lactulose | Stimulant Laxatives & Cathartics | Hyperosmolarity draws water into colon | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI Tract | Used for Px w/ severe LV disease |
| Docusate (Colace) | Stimulant Laxatives & Cathartics | Improves penetration of water & fat into feces | (blank) | Gastrointestinal Drugs - Lower GI Tract | (blank) |
| Sildenafil (Viagra) | PDE-5 Inhibitors | Inhibit phosphodiasterase | Potentiate hypotensive action of nitrates | Erectile Dysfunction Drugs | NO is released fr nerve endings & endothelial cells. It binds to receptors on smooth muscle of corpus cavernosum & triggers formation of cGMP; cGMP cuases relaxation of smooth muschles allowing engorement. This process is reversed by a phospodiasterase |
| Alendronate (Fosamax) | Biphophonates | Inhibit osteoclastic activity & decrease bone turnhover & resorption | Must be taken w/ full glass of water in morning & should stay upright for at least 30 mins until after first food of the day | Osteoporosis Drugs | (blank) |
| Raloxifene | Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS) | Estrogen agonist on bone & antagonist in breast & uterus. | (blank) | Osteoporosis Drugs | Not as effective as estrogen in increasing bone density |
| Estrogens | Estrogens | Enhance calcium retention & retard bone loss | (blank) | Osteoporosis Drugs | Not as effective at increasing bone mass that has already been lost |
| Calcitonin | (blank) | Regulates calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclastic activity | (blank) | Osteoporosis Drugs | Has some analgesic action |
| Orlisat (Xenical) | Lipase Inhibitor | Is a reversible pancreatic lipase inhibitor | (blank) | Obesity Management | (blank) |
| Clavulanic Acid | B-Lactamase Inhibitor | Inhibits Cell Wall Synthesis of Bacteria | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Benzathine Pen G | Natural Penicillin | Inhibits crosslinking of cell wall compenents of bacteria | (blank) | Antibiotics | Best for syphilis & streptococcal sore throat |
| Nafcillin/Oxacillin | Pnincillinase Resistant | Inhibits crosslinking of cell wall compenents of bacteria | (blank) | Antibiotics | Best for penicillinase-producing Staph. aureus |
| Piperacillin | Antipseudomonal | Inhibits crosslinking of cell wall compenents of bacteria | (blank) | Antibiotics | Best of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
| Ticarcillin | Antipseudomonal | Inhibits crosslinking of cell wall compenents of bacteria | (blank) | Antibiotics | Best of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
| Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) | Cephalosporin | Inhibits crosslinking of cell wall compenents of bacteria | (blank) | Antibiotics | Gonorrhea; Meningitis in children - Hemophyllus influenzae |
| Vancomycin | (blank) | Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall phospholipids | Flushing "red man syndrome" & shock due to histamine release caused by rapid infusion; Dose-related ototoxicity (hearing loss) in PXs w/ renal failure | Antibiotics | Excreted by Kidneys |
| Streptomycin | Aminoglycosides | Inhibits protein synthesis | Nephrotoxicity & Ototoxicity & Neuromuscular toxicity | Antibiotics | Most active vs. M. Tuberculosis. Aminoglycosides have Very small margin of safety |
| Neomycin | Aminoglycosides | Inhibits protein synthesis - Inhibits ammonia formation | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Tetracycline | Tetracyclines | Inhibits protein synthesis | Food impairs absorption of tetracyclines; Also form insoluble chelates w/ certain metals & minerals thus can't use w/ antacids | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Doxycycline | Tetracyclines | Inhibits Protein Synthesis | Food impairs absorption. Forms chelates w/ Ca, Mg, & other metals. | Antibiotics | Safe in renally impaired Px |
| Erythromycin | Macrolides | Inhibits Protein Synthesis | (blank) | Antibiotics | For mycoplasma infections, pneumonia, legionnaires' disease, chlamydial infections, diptheria, pertussis. Safe in pregnancy |
| Azithromycin | Macrolides | Inhibits Protein Synthesis | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Clarithromycin | Macrolides | Inhibits Protein Synthesis | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Telithromycin | Ketolides | Inhibits Protein Synthesis | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Chloramphenical | Chloramphenicol | Inhibits Protein Synthesis | Bone marrow depression & aplastic anemia; Gray baby syndrome | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Clindamycin | Clindamycin | Inhibits Protein Synthesis | (blank) | Antibiotics | Assoc.l w/ Pseudomembranous colitis b/c C. deficile is resistant to it |
| Sulfonamides/Trimethoprim | Folate Antagonists | Inhibits synthesis of folic acid in bacteria | (blank) | Antibiotics | Used for UTI & Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia |
| Sulfasalazine | Folate Antagonists | Inhibits synthesis of folic acid in bacteria | (blank) | Antibiotics | IBS |
| Nalidaxic Acid | Quinolones | Inhibits DNA gyrase/DNA synthesis | Damage to cartilage in animals; Ingestion w/ antacids will interfere w/ absorption | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Ciprofloxacin | Quinolones | Inhibits DNA Synthesis | (blank) | Antibiotics | Anthrax, gonorrhea, typhoid |
| Levofloxacin | Quinolones | Inhibits DNA Synthesis | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Metronidazole | Quinolones | Inhibits DNA Synthesis | (blank) | Antibiotics | Vs. clostridium (tetanus); trichomonas; enterocolitis |
| Isoniazid | Tuberculosis Drugs | Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids | Hepatotoxicity & peripheral neuropathy (VIt. B6 counters) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Pyrazinamide | Tuberculosis Drugs | (blank) | Increases levels of serum uric acid | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Rifampin | Tuberculosis Drugs | Inhibits RNA synthesis | Inducer of cytochrome P-450 enzymes; Red-orange color secretions | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Ethambutol | Tuberculosis Drugs | (blank) | Retrobulbar optic neuritis | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Dapsone | Leprosy Drugs | Competitive inhibitor of folic acid synthesis | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Thalidomide | Leprosy Drugs | (blank) | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Amphotericin B | Antifungal Drugs | Binds to principal fungal membrane sterol | Nephrotoxity | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Fluconazole | Antifungal Drugs | Oral tmt. of chronic candiasis infections | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Nystatin | Antifungal Drugs | Oral agent for tmt. of oral candiasis | (blank) | Antibiotics | (blank) |
| Zidovudin/ Lamivudine (CombiVir) | Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) | Inhibit formation of viral DNA from RNA by RT | (blank) | Antiviral Drugs | (blank) |
| Indinavir/Nelfinavir | Protease Inhibitors | Inhibit protease enzyme inolved in maturation of newly forming viral particle | (blank) | Antiviral Drugs | (blank) |
| Enfuvirtide | Fusion Inhibitors | Block binding of HIV to CD4 lymphocytes receptors | (blank) | Antiviral Drugs | (blank) |
| Amantadine | (blank) | Inhibit virus penetratin or uncoating | (blank) | Antiviral Drugs | For influenza type A infesctions |
| Zanamivir/Oseltamivir | Neuraminidase Inhibitors | Block release of influenza virus from infested cells | (blank) | Antiviral Drugs | For Influenza type A & B |
| Acyclovir/Gancyclovir | Herpes & Cytomegalovirus | (blank) | (blank) | Antiviral Drugs | (blank) |
| Ribavirin | Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infections (RSV) | (blank) | (blank) | Antiviral Drugs | Used. Esp. for children |
| PalivizumAB | RSV | Antibody that produces passive immunity | (blank) | Antiviral Drugs | (blank) |
| Interferon/Lamivudine/Adefovir | Hepatic Viral Infections | (blank) | (blank) | Antiviral Drugs | (blank) |
| Cyclophosphamide | Alkylating Agents | Alkylation of DNA | Local tissue necrosis | AntiCancer Drugs | (blank) |
| Buslphan | Alkylating Agents | Alkylation of DNA | Local tissue necrosis | AntiCancer Drugs | (blank) |
| Cisplatin | Alkylating Agents | Alkylation of DNA | Local tissue necrosis | AntiCancer Drugs | Cancer of Testes |
| Methotrexate | Antimetabolites | Compete for binding site of dihydrofolate reductase | Neurotoxicity | AntiCancer Drugs | Leucovorin reverses all effects except neurotoxicity |
| Doxorubicin | Antibiotic | Disrupts DNA function of cancer cells | Cardiotoxicity; alopecia; & bone marrow depression | AntiCancer Drugs | (blank) |
| Bleomycin | Antibiotic | Disrupts DNA function of cancer cells | Pulmonary fibrosis | AntiCancer Drugs | (blank) |
| Plicamycin | Antibiotic | Disrupts DNA function of cancer cells | (blank) | AntiCancer Drugs | Used to treat hypercalcemia assoc. w/ malignancy |
| Anthrcyclines | Antibiotic | Disrupts DNA function of cancer cells | Cardiac toxicities, arrhythmias, . Creastes free radicals & lipid peroxication -- Antidote = Dexrazoxane chelates intracellular iron that would interact w/ free radicals. | AntiCancer Drugs | (blank) |
| Vinca alkaloids | Microtubule Inhibitors | Bind to tubules & disrupt the spindle apparatus during cell division | neurologic toxicity | AntiCancer Drugs | (blank) |
| Glucocorticoids (eg. prednisone) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) | (blank) |
| Isosorbide dinitrate/mononitrate | Organic Nitrate | (blank) | (blank) | Cardiovascular | Prophylaxis of angina; not for acute attack |
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