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Pharmacology Final
Notes for question re: Chemotherapeutic drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is a compound that should inhibit the growth of bacteria without harming the human host? | Antibiotics |
| This a drug which arrests the growth and replication of a bacterium? | Bacteriostatic |
| This compound kills the bacteria? | Bactericidal |
| This is the lowest concentration of drug that inhibits growth of the organism? | Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) |
| These are B-Lactam antiboitics, they are also inhibitors of cell wall synthesis? | Penicilins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobatams |
| These are B-Lactamase Inhibitors and are also inhibitors of cell wall synthesis? | Clavulanic acid, Salbactam, Tazobactam |
| The first step in synthesis of bacterial cell wall is a cross-linking of adjacent peptidoglycan strands is? | Tranpeptidation |
| What type of drugs inhibits the crosslinking of cell wall components? | Penicillins |
| This natural Penicillin , best choice for treating syphilis patients? | Benzathine Pen G |
| These drugs are reserved for penicillinase- producing Staph aureus? | Nafcillin, Oxacillin |
| These drugs are used for extended pectum effective against pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Piperacillin,Ticarcillin |
| This is first-line drug in the treatment of gonorrhea; also the drug of choice in the treatment of meningitis in children because of its effectiveness against Hemophyllus influenzae? | Ceftriaxone |
| What side effect of Vancomycin is a result of histamine release caused by rapid infusion? | Flushing (red man syndrome) and shock |
| What drug has dose-related otoxicity that can occur in patients with renal failure? | Vancomycin |
| They bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and dimishing the accuracy of translation of the genetic code? | Aminoglycosides |
| The side effects of this drug is nephrotoxicity, otoxicity and neuromuscular toxicity? | Aminoglycosides |
| These drugs are synergistic when given together? | Penicillins and aminoglycosides |
| This is a Penicillin that cause cell wall abnormalities that allow this aminoglycoside to gain entry into the bacteria? | Gentamycin |
| This is the most active aminoglycoside against M. tuberculosis? | Streptomycin |
| This drug is used orally in hepatic coma to decrease the coliform flora, thus decreasing the production of ammonia; is not significantly absorbed from GI tract, also used topically for skin infections? | Neomycin |
| This is the most effective agent in treatment of rickettsiae, Chlamydia, and mycoplasma infections? | Tetracyclines |
| This tetracycline is safe in renally impaired patients? | Doxycycline |
| The side effects of these drugs is sssociated with staining of the teeth, retardation of bone growth, and photosensitivity? | Tetracyclines |
| This drug binds to 50s ribosomal subunit thus inhibiting the translocation steps of protein synthesis; they may also interfere at other sites such as transpeptidation? | Marcolides |
| These drug's are used in the treatment of patients with mycoplasma infections, pneumonia, leginnaires' disease, chlamydial infectons, diphtheria, and pertussis? | Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin |
| This drug is associated with bone marrow depression and aplastic anemia that is usually fatal,also can cause gray baby syndrome in infants? | Chloramphenicol |
| This drug is listed as the drug of choice for anaerobic GI infections. Use of this drug is associated with pseudomembranous colitis, because C. deficile is resistant to it? | Clindamycin |
| What drugs are commonly used folate antagonist? | Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (cortimoxazole) |
| They inhibit DNA gyrase, and therefore DNA synthesis? | Quinolones |
| What is the bacterial enzyme that is responsible for unwinding and supercoiling of the DNA? | DNA gyrase |
| These drugs have caused damage to growing cartilage in animals,and are not recommended for children? | Quinolones |
| Was the first available of the quinolones group, and is an effective urinary tract antiseptic? | Nalidaxic acid |
| These drugs are used to treat common urogenital, respiratory, bone and joint infections, prostatits and GI infections caused by gram negative organisms? | Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin |
| This drug inhibits DNA synthesis; cidal against bacteroides, clostridium, amebiasis, giardiasis, trichmonas etc? | Metronidazole |
| Drug of choice for trichomoniasis as well intestinal infections with giardia lambia and Entameba histolytica; also drug choice for antiobiotic-assoicated enterocolitis espscially when caused by C. deficille? | Metronidazole |
| These are first line tuberculosis drugs? | Isoniazid, Pyrazinzmide, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin |
| Second line tuberculosis drugs? | Aminosalicyclic Acid, Capreomycin, Cycloserine, Ethionamide, Kanamycin, Quinoloned, Rifabutin, Viomycin, Rifapentine |
| This drug inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids, associated with hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy it's usually prescribed with Vitamin B6 to prevent complications like peripheral neuritis? | Isoniazid |
| what drugs is metabolized in the liver and is potent inducer of cytochrome P-450 enzymes? | Rifampin |
| This drug can cause retrobulbar optic neuritis, often administered concurrently with other antitubercular drugs to retard the development of drug resistance? | Ethambutol |
| This drug is a structural analogue of para-aminobenzote acid (PABA) and is competitive inhibitor of folic acid synthesis and is the mainstay of the treatment of leprosy? | Dapsone |
| This drug is an active anti-leprosy drug as well as an anti TB drug? | Rifampin |
| What is the mechanism of Amphotericin B in treating disseminated yeast and fungal infections (particularly in immunocomprimised patients)? | It Works by binding to ergosterol, the principal fungal membrane sterol, the most serious and most common toxicity is nephrotox |
| These drugs are used orally to treat chronic candiasis infections of GI tract and oral cavity? | Fluconazole/Ketoconazole |
| Administerd as an oral agent this drug is used for the treatment of oral candiasis? | Nystatin |
| Drug of choice for treating superficial fungal infections; given PO? | Terbinafine |
| This anti-viral drug is most likely to be responsible for nephrotoxicity? | Amphotericin B |
| It prevents complications like peripheral neuritis? | Vitamin B6 |
| Which of the following antitubercular drugs induces cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver? | Rifampin |
| This group of drugs can cause otoxicity invovling both diviions of 8th cranial nerve thereby causing hearing loss as well as vertigo and loss of balance? | Aminoglycosides |
| This antimicrobial agent is primarily administered topically? | Polymyxin B |
| This antitubercular drug can cause retrobulbar optic neuritis? | Ethambutol |
| What drug is reserved for the infections with penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus? | Nafcillin |
| The use of chloramphenicol may result in? | Aplastic anemia |
| The drug of choice for the treatment of trichomoniasis? | Metronidazole |
| This drug is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Piperacillin |
| For the treatment of Legionella pneumonia, the drug of choice would be? | Erythromycin |
| The side effect of these drugs is staining of the teeth, and is not recommended for pregnant women? | Tetracyclines |
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mswilsonlmt
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