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Phys Exam 3: Ch 3
Hemostasis
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What 3 mechanisms prevent blood loss when a blood vessel is cut? | 1) Vascular spasm (neural pain reflex, myogenic contraction); 2) Platelet plug; 3) Fibrin clot |
Where are platelets formed? About how many are there per mL of blood? | In BM from megakaryocytes; 150K-300K |
What is a platelet? | Fragment of cell w/o nucleus; cytoplasm has actin, myosin, mitochondria, and ATP |
What do platelets produce? | Prostaglandins & fibrin-stabilizing factor |
What do platelets store? | Ca & serotonin |
What is the half-life of a platelet | 8-12 days |
What specific surface glycoprotein do platelets have | Collagen |
How are dead platelets removed? | Recycled by macrophages, mostly in the spleen |
What happens when platelets contact exposed collage (in the presence of vWF) | Begin to form the platelet plug: (1) Swell & extend pseudopods; (2) Become adhesive - esp to collagen; (3) Secrete ADP, serotonin, and thromboxane A2 |
How are adjacent platelts activated? | By the secreted ADP, serotinin, and thromboxane A2 |
Are serotonin & thromboxane A2 vasodilators or vasoconstrictors? | Potent vasoconstrictors |
How quickly is blood clot formation initiated? | W/in seconds after injury |
What substances does formation of a blood clot require? | platelets, plasma proteins,and the vessel wall |
Discuss fibrin clot contraction | Contracts w/in a few minutes. Contraction is due to (1) actin & myosin in platelets bound in the clot, (2) Ca from the platelets, (3) covalent cross-links from fibrin-stabilizing factor |