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Micro1 Test3a pract
Practice test of Microbiology 1, test 3. No review yet.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal flora, does not normally cause infectious diseases. | indigenous microbiota |
| Disease causing microbe. | pathogen |
| An organism that exists harmlessly as part of the normal human body environment and does not become a health threat until the host's resistance is lowered by other diseases or drugs. | opportunistic pathogen |
| An infection following a previous infection, especially when caused by microorganisms that have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier. | superinfection |
| Any place where a microbe may live and reproduce. | reservoir |
| An organism that harbors a pathogen. | carrier |
| The ability of a pathogen to cause disease. | pathogenicity |
| A measure of a pathogens pathogenicity. | virulence |
| Microbes normally associated with an animal or transmitted from one. | zoonotic |
| The number of cases of infections/diseases. | prevalence |
| The area of the infection's spread. | point prevalence |
| The proportion of people in a population who have a disease or condition at a particular time | period prevalence |
| New cases of people who never had the disease before. | incidence |
| Having the disease. | morbidity |
| Dying from the disease. | mortality |
| Study of factors that contribute to disease, infectious or not. | epidemiology |
| Progression and course of the disease. | pathogensis |
| How the disease spreads from one host to another. | transmission |
| A disease that can be spread from host to another but is difficult to get. | communicable |
| A disease that is easy to spread. | contagious |
| Disease or infections that erupt during a hospital stay or within 14 days of discharge from the hospital. | nosocomial |
| Diseases that are normally present in a given population. | endemic |
| Diseases normally present in a population that experience a sudden rise in the number of cases. | epidemic |
| Multiple elevated numbers of cases in multiple countries of a disease. | pandemic |
| Diseases controlled through good practice but that do occur sporadically. | non-endemic diseases |
| Infections or diseases present in their incubation stage at the time of hospital admission. | community-acquired infection |
| Infections or diseases that result from medical or surgical treatment caused by physicians, surgeons, of healthcare personnel. | iatrogenic infection |
| Cover mouth and nose, limit visitors, no dry dusting, open to fresh air and sunlight, filter air and roll linens lightly. These prevent what kind of contamination? | Airborne |
| Fresh food, proper temps, clean, wash hands, use water over 80C to clean with. These rules apply handling ? | food and utensils |
| Use disposables, disinfect or sterilize ASAP, only use equipment for same patient, soiled linens go to laundry separately. These rules should be followed when handling ? | fomites |
| The most important precaution you can apply? | wash hands |
| Any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms and transferring them from one individual to another. | fomite |
| Examples of infectious disease (can you give one?) | Exs include: anthrax, pink eye, flu, cold, any disease caused by microorganisms |
| Examples of communicable disease (can you give one?) | leprosy, Chlamydia, AIDS, TB, mononucleosis, chicken pox |
| Examples of contagious disease (can you give one?) | mumps, scabies, chicken pox, flu, pink eye, TB |
| Examples of endemic disease (can you give one?) | West Nile, gonorrhea, flu, MRSA, HIV, shingles |
| Examples of epidemic disease (can you give one?) | measles, West Nile, malaria, chicken pox, avian flu, polio, SARS |
| Examples of sporadic disease (can you give one?) | Malaria (in US), Legionnaires, food poisoning, tetanus |
| Examples of pandemic disease (can you give one?) | AIDS/HIV, bird flu, hepatitis, TB, malaria |
| Examples of zoonotic disease (can you give one?) | mad cow, bubonic plague, rabies, lyme disease, cat scratch fever, ringworm |
| A carrier who never had the disease is called a ? | passive carrier |
| A carrier who has fully recovered from the disease is called a ? | active carrier |
| A carrier who has not expressed signs or symptoms of the disease yet, but soon will, is called ? | an incubatory carrier or prodromal |
| A carrier may no longer show signs or symptoms of a disease, but hasn't fully recovered yet, is called ? | a convalescent carrier |
| An organism or object that carries blood can be a __ for disease. | vector |
| Chickenpox transmitted by touching a weeping vesicle is an example of ? | direct contact transmission |
| Chickenpox transmitted by touching a dirty wound dressing from a shingles patient is an example of ? | indirect contact transmission |
| Chickenpox transmitted when an ER patient coughs in your face is an example of ? | droplet transmission |
| Hepatitis A transmitted through fecally-contaminated lettuce in your taco is an example of ? | indirect contact and vehicular transmission |
| Hepatitis C spread through an accidental needlestick on the job is an example of ? | mechanical vector, vehicular, indirect contact transmission |
| What is the stage in a disease when pathogens are multiplying but are having no affect on the host? | incubation |
| What is the stage in a disease when pathogens start to have an affect on the host, who starts to feel sick? | prodromal |
| What is the stage in a disease when symptoms become full blown? | period of illness |
| What is the period in a disease when the host starts to recover, is left with damage from the disease, or dies? | convalescence |
| What are the 5 steps in the chain of infection? | 1. reservoir 2. portal of exit from reservoir 3. mode of transmission 4. portal of entry 5. into susceptible host |
| Pathogens that can be suspended in the air require what kind of precautions? | airborne |
| What kind of respirator should you wear when working with a patient for whom airborne precautions are in effect? | N95 |
| If there's a risk of splashing another person with infected fluids (by sneezing, coughing, etc), __ precautions should be in place. | droplet |
| How far should you stay away from a person under droplet precautions? | 3 feet |
| What kind of precautions are in effect for patients with pathogens spread by touch? | contact |
| What are the 5 modes of transmission? | 1. airborne 2. droplet 3. contact 4. vehicular/fomite 5. vector |
| When contact precautions are in effect, you should cover any of your body that might ? | come in contact with the patient or any surface that the patient might have touched |
| How many REPORTED cases of nosocomial infections are there every year? | 2 million |
| Nosocomial infections happen because a healthcare worker didn't do something they were ? | supposed to do to stop the spread of infection |
| Who is most at risk of nosocomial infection? | burn victims |
| What is the most common type of nosocomial infection? | UTI |
| What is the 2nd most common type of nosocomial infection? | post-surgical wound infections |
| Besides UTI and post-surgical wound infections, name 2 more nosocomial infections that are very common. | 1. lower respiratory/pneumonia 2. bloodstream/septicemia |
| Don't use an antimicrobial lotion for __ seconds after you have washed your hands. | 30 |
| Don't __ dust fomites. | dry |
| Medical asepsis is intended to stop the spread of ? | pathogens |
| Surgical asepsis is intended to stop the spread of ? | all microbes |
| The first line of immunological defense is ? | intact skin and accessories |
| The 2nd line of immunological defense is ? | phagocytosis and fever |
| The 3rd line of immunological defense is ? | antibodies |
| Which antibody is the largest and the first responder? | IgM |
| Which antibody is predominant in secretions and found in breast milk? | IgA |
| Which antibody is the smallest, the most abundant, and crosses the placenta? | IgG |
| Which antibody is associated with basophils, mast cells, and allergens? | IgE |
| What disease is so virulent that 1-10 microbes is enough for it to be pathogenic? | measles |
| What disease has a virulence so low that it takes 10 million microbes for it become pathogenic? | cholera |
| What are the microbial traits that a pathogen can use to invade and establish itself inside of a host? | virulence factors |
| The minimum number of microbes that must enter or attach to cells in the body to become infectious? | infectious dose |
| These minute, hair-like structures help microbes attach to things. | fimbriae |
| Microbes are more resistant to phagocytosis if they have a ? | capsule |
| Long, thread-like structures used for locomotion are called ? | flagella |
| Some strains of bacteria can produce __ that break up clots that would otherwise block them from spreading to other parts of the body. | kinases |
| An enzyme that attacks the interstitial cement of connective tissues by depolymerizing hyaluronic acid. | hyaluronidase |
| An enzyme used by bacteria to form fibrin clots that they can use to cover themselves and that protects them from the immune system. | coagulase |
| A enzyme that digests keratin in the skin. | keratinase |
| This enzyme digests the protective coating of mucous membranes. | mucinase |
| This exoenzyme kills WBCs. | leukocidin |
| This exoenzyme disrupts the membranes of RBCs. | hemolysins |
| This enzyme causes death of healthy cells and tissues. | necrotizing enzyme |
| What type of toxin works in 2 parts? | A-B toxins |
Created by:
IsaacJ
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