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ICT

General Theory Notes

TermDefinition
Hardware is any physical part of a computer (it is a group of machines)
Hardware is made up of (a) The CPU and Main Memory (b) Input Devices (c) Output Devices (d) Storage Devices
Main Memory Stores Programmes and data for processing.
CPU Controls all operation/jobs, it reads all data into the main memory from an input device; it processes the data according to instructions and produces information using an output device. (So it reads data, changes it and produces information for use).
Input Device These Devices read incoming Data and pass it on to the CPU. Examples are: Keyboard, Disk Drive, Scanner, Bar Code Reader, Voice Recognition, and Digital Camera.
Output Devices these Accept information from the CPU and display the results for the user. Examples are: Printer, Monitor.
Storage Devices these keep information and instructions in the computer so that they can be used again. Examples are: CD’s, Floppy Disks, Hard Drive.
Mouse Used to select text, insert text or an icon on a page by clicking and dragging. The cursor changes shape depending on the task E.g. arrow, beam, egg timer shapes.
Keyboard Used to type words on the page. The most common type is a QWERTY keyboard; it is laid out in an ‘unfriendly’ manner, in order to slow down speed typists. The most commonly used letters are spaced out to avoid them sticking.
Bar Code Reader They are used in supermarkets where the bar code on the item is scanned and products information is read e.g. its price.
Wand Reader or Scanner The wand reader is hand held type that can be used for scanning items e.g. a Library book.
Point of Scale Terminal They are used to collect information on a product by scanning the bar code. They record and store information e.g. its price
Digitiser Used for drawing illustrations or creating graphics/pictures on a page.
Camera/Tape Recorder Used to input voice or visual pictures on to your computer.
VDE/Voice Data Entry It can be accepted human speech and convert it to the spoken word onto your screen.
OCR/Optical Character Reader They are devices that scan the document and turn it into readable form on your screen. It can be text, graphics or photo material.
MICR/Optical Mark Recognition/Reader They are used when documents, contain magnetic digits that contain information
OMR/Optional Mark Recognition/Reader The computer will pick up marks, e.g. pencil marks on a sheet to collect information. E.g. pencil marks on a score sheet
Touch Screen It is a special screen which allows you to carry out a task by touching on the screen. E.g. a point of information (POI)
Light Pen or Stylus You can use a special pen to touch the ‘touch screen’. It can be used to highlight and select items.
Monitor/VDU OR Visual Display Unit This is the screen that you look at; it contains a soft copy of your information.As you ket in text, it appears on the monitor for you to see.
Flat screen Technology's Portable computers like laptops, notebooks, and PDA's or personal digital assistants can have high resolution screens. The most common is LCD or Liquid Crystal Display
Printer They are used to produce a hard copy of your information. there are many types; the two main types are impact and Non impact.
Non-Impact Printer These printers cannot make carbon copies. Examples are: Thermal Printer: they respond to heat and create letters on special paper.
Impact Printer They are slower; noiser and often breakdown, they are more expencive
plotter They are printing devices that produce a high quality image for drawings
Audio response used to provide verbal responses using a voice simulator or pre-recorded messages, e.g. Dierctory assistance.
Microfiche/film When large amounts of information need to be stored, miniture copies of documents are kept on microfilm. E.g. Newspapers for the past 100 years.
Speaker Send out Audio/Sound
Digital Projector Displays the Monitors Image on a Large Screen/Wall
Created by: Kerrycurran10
Popular Computers sets

 

 



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