Question 1

string definition

Accepted Answer

denoted str

used to represent and manipulate text data or, a sequence of characters, including blanks, punctuation, and various symbols. 

A string value is represented as a sequence of characters that is enclosed within "quotes".

Question 2

string operators

Accepted Answer

==, !=, <, >, and so on
returns True/False

Question 3

addition

Accepted Answer

makes new string

when applied to two strings, evaluates to a new string that is the concatenation (i.e., the joining) of the two strings

Question 4

multiply

Accepted Answer

'string' * 'string' = error

'string' * 2 = 'stringstring'

'string ' * 2 = 'string string'

Question 5

length of string

Accepted Answer

len(s)

Question 6

Character of string s at index i

Accepted Answer

s[i]

Question 7

Concatenation of n copies of s

Accepted Answer

s*n
n*s

Question 8

Concatenation of string s and string t

Accepted Answer

s + t

Question 9

False if string x is a substring of string s, and true otherwise

Accepted Answer

x not in s

Question 10

True if string x is a substring of string s, and false otherwise

Accepted Answer

x in s

Question 11

indexing operator []

Accepted Answer

takes a nonnegative index i and returns a string consisting of the single character at index i

Negative indexes access the characters from the back (right side) of the string. For example, the last character can be retrieved using negative index -1.

Question 12

index

Accepted Answer

the character's offset (i.e., position in the string) with respect to the first character. 

The first character has index 0, the second has index 1 (because it is one away from the first character), the third character has index 2, and so on.

Question 13

Can you change a string?

Accepted Answer

NO. Strings are immutable. Can make new string only.

Question 14

forgetting quote delimiters

Accepted Answer

no quotes, text will be treated as a name. >>> hello Traceback (most recent call last): File “”, line 1, in hello NameError: name ‘hello’ is not defined Error message reports that name hello is not defined.

Question 15

What to do if string text contains quotes

Accepted Answer

If the text contains a single quote, we can use double quote delimiters, vice versa.

If the text contains both quote types, then the escape sequence \’ or \” is used to indicate that a quote is not the string delimiter but is part of the string value.

Question 16

How do I not have the escape sequence show up?

Accepted Answer

the print() function will interpret any escape sequence in the string and omit the string delimiters

Question 17

escape sequence

Accepted Answer

in a string is a sequence of characters starting with a \ that defines a special character and that is interpreted by function print()

Question 18

multi-line strings

Accepted Answer

use triple quotes '''
encode the new line characters explicitly

Question 19

new line character

Accepted Answer

The escape sequence 
 stands in for a new line character, also When it appears in a string argument of the print() function, the new line escape sequence 
 starts a new line

Question 20

slice

Accepted Answer

The expression s[0:2] evaluates to the slice of string s starting at index 0 and ending before index 2.

Question 21

slice containing first or last character

Accepted Answer

first  s[:3]

last s[2:]

Question 22

string method

s.find()

Accepted Answer

When it is invoked on string s with one string input argument target, it checks whether target is a substring of s. 

it returns the index (of the first character) of the first occurrence of string target; 

otherwise, it returns -1.

Question 23

string method

s.count()

Accepted Answer

The method count(), when called by string s with string input argument target, returns the number of times target appears as a substring of s.

Question 24

string method

s.replace(a, b)

Accepted Answer

The function replace(), when invoked on string s, takes two string inputs, old and new, and outputs a copy of string s with every occurrence of substring old replaced by string new.

Question 25

replace (a, b) and 
assignment statement

Accepted Answer

the string is not changed (immutable) by replace. 
to use the replace changes must assign string to something 

ergo, make new string

Question 26

string method

s.capitalize ()

Accepted Answer

Method capitalize(), when called by string s, makes the first character of s uppercase;

Question 27

string method

s.upper()

Accepted Answer

method upper() makes all the characters uppercase.

Question 28

string method

s.split()

Accepted Answer

the method split() uses the blank spaces in string ‘this is the text’ to create word substrings that are put into a list and returned.

Question 29

split() with delimiter

Accepted Answer

The delimiter string is used in place of the blank space to break up the string. For example, to break up the string
>>> x = ‘2;3;5;7;11;13’
into a list of number, you would use ‘;’ as the delimiter:
>>> x.split(‘;’)
[‘2’, ‘3’, ‘5’, ‘7’, ‘11’, ‘13’]

Question 30

string method

translate()

Accepted Answer

mapping is constructed using a table that is called not by the string class str itself:
>>> table = str.maketrans(‘abcdef’, ‘uvwxyz’)
>>>‘fad’.translate(table)
‘zux’

ch6

Question 31

string method

s.lower()

Accepted Answer

A copy of string s converted to lowercase

Question 32

string method

s.strip()

Accepted Answer

A copy of string s with leading and trailing blank spaces removed

Question 33

print()

Accepted Answer

a function used to print values onto the screen.

input is an object 

output it prints a STRING REPRESENTATION of the object's value.

Question 34

print() default separater

Accepted Answer

takes an arbitrary number of input objects, not necessarily of the same type. The values of the objects will be printed in the same line, and blank spaces (i.e., characters ‘ ’) will be inserted between them as a default separater.

Question 35

print() defined separater

Accepted Answer

The print() function takes an optional separation argument sep:

>>> print(n, r, name, sep=‘;’)
5;1.66666666667;Ida

The argument sep=‘;’ specifies that semicolons should be inserted to separate the printed values.

Question 36

how separater works

Accepted Answer

In general, when the argument sep= is added to the arguments of the print() function, the string will be inserted between the values. common used for (;), ( )

Question 37

end=<some string>

Accepted Answer

end= string is printed after all the arguments have been printed, eliminating the implied >> for name in [‘Joe’, ‘Sam’, ‘Tim’, ‘Ann’]: print(name, end=‘! ’) Joe! Sam! Tim! Ann!

Question 38

printing using format ()

Accepted Answer

>>> hour = 11
>>> minute = 45
>>> second = 33

>>> ‘{0}:{1}:{2}’.format(hour, minute, second)
‘11:45:33’

characters outside {} are printed as is. 

{0}, {1}, and {2} are placeholders where the objects will be printed

no {number}, defaults L2R

Question 39

lining up data

Accepted Answer

>>> ‘{0:3},{1:5}’.format(12, 354)
‘ 12, 354’

The 0 refers to the first argument of the format() function (12), In this case, 3 indicates that the width of the placeholder should be 3. 

right justified

Question 40

precision

Accepted Answer

>>> ‘{:8.4}’.format(1000 / 3)
‘   333.3’
Compare this with the unformatted output:
>>> 1000 / 3
333.3333333333333

Question 41

type format
binary

Accepted Answer

Outputs the number in binary
>>> n = 10
>>> ‘{:b}’.format(n)
‘1010’

Question 42

type format
unicode

Accepted Answer

>>> n = 10
>>> ‘{:c}’.format(n)
‘
’

c	Outputs the Unicode character corresponding to the integer value

Question 43

type format
decimal

Accepted Answer

>>> n = 10
>>> ‘{:d}’.format(n)
‘10’

d	Outputs the number in decimal notation (default)

Question 44

type format
base 16 lowercase

Accepted Answer

>>> n = 10
>>> ‘{:x}’.format(n)
‘a’


x	Outputs the number in base 16, using lowercase letters for the digits above 9

Question 45

type format
base 16 uppercase

Accepted Answer

>>> n = 10
>>> ‘{:X}’.format(n)
‘A’

X	Outputs the number in base 16, using uppercase letters for the digits above 9

Question 46

type format
base 8

Accepted Answer

o	Outputs the number in base 8

Term	Definition
string definition	denoted str used to represent and manipulate text data or, a sequence of characters, including blanks, punctuation, and various symbols. A string value is represented as a sequence of characters that is enclosed within "quotes".
string operators	==, !=, <, >, and so on returns True/False
addition	makes new string when applied to two strings, evaluates to a new string that is the concatenation (i.e., the joining) of the two strings
multiply	'string' * 'string' = error 'string' * 2 = 'stringstring' 'string ' * 2 = 'string string'
length of string	len(s)
Character of string s at index i	s[i]
Concatenation of n copies of s	sn ns
Concatenation of string s and string t	s + t
False if string x is a substring of string s, and true otherwise	x not in s
True if string x is a substring of string s, and false otherwise	x in s
indexing operator []	takes a nonnegative index i and returns a string consisting of the single character at index i Negative indexes access the characters from the back (right side) of the string. For example, the last character can be retrieved using negative index -1.
index	the character's offset (i.e., position in the string) with respect to the first character. The first character has index 0, the second has index 1 (because it is one away from the first character), the third character has index 2, and so on.
Can you change a string?	NO. Strings are immutable. Can make new string only.
forgetting quote delimiters	no quotes, text will be treated as a name. >>> hello Traceback (most recent call last): File “<pyshell#35>”, line 1, in <module> hello NameError: name ‘hello’ is not defined Error message reports that name hello is not defined.
What to do if string text contains quotes	If the text contains a single quote, we can use double quote delimiters, vice versa. If the text contains both quote types, then the escape sequence \’ or \” is used to indicate that a quote is not the string delimiter but is part of the string value.
How do I not have the escape sequence show up?	the print() function will interpret any escape sequence in the string and omit the string delimiters
escape sequence	in a string is a sequence of characters starting with a \ that defines a special character and that is interpreted by function print()
multi-line strings	use triple quotes ''' encode the new line characters explicitly
new line character	The escape sequence \n stands in for a new line character, also When it appears in a string argument of the print() function, the new line escape sequence \n starts a new line
slice	The expression s[0:2] evaluates to the slice of string s starting at index 0 and ending before index 2.
slice containing first or last character	first s[:3] last s[2:]
string method s.find()	When it is invoked on string s with one string input argument target, it checks whether target is a substring of s. it returns the index (of the first character) of the first occurrence of string target; otherwise, it returns -1.
string method s.count()	The method count(), when called by string s with string input argument target, returns the number of times target appears as a substring of s.
string method s.replace(a, b)	The function replace(), when invoked on string s, takes two string inputs, old and new, and outputs a copy of string s with every occurrence of substring old replaced by string new.
replace (a, b) and assignment statement	the string is not changed (immutable) by replace. to use the replace changes must assign string to something ergo, make new string
string method s.capitalize ()	Method capitalize(), when called by string s, makes the first character of s uppercase;
string method s.upper()	method upper() makes all the characters uppercase.
string method s.split()	the method split() uses the blank spaces in string ‘this is the text’ to create word substrings that are put into a list and returned.
split() with delimiter	The delimiter string is used in place of the blank space to break up the string. For example, to break up the string >>> x = ‘2;3;5;7;11;13’ into a list of number, you would use ‘;’ as the delimiter: >>> x.split(‘;’) [‘2’, ‘3’, ‘5’, ‘7’, ‘11’, ‘13’]
string method translate()	mapping is constructed using a table that is called not by the string class str itself: >>> table = str.maketrans(‘abcdef’, ‘uvwxyz’) >>>‘fad’.translate(table) ‘zux’ ch6
string method s.lower()	A copy of string s converted to lowercase
string method s.strip()	A copy of string s with leading and trailing blank spaces removed
print()	a function used to print values onto the screen. input is an object output it prints a STRING REPRESENTATION of the object's value.
print() default separater	takes an arbitrary number of input objects, not necessarily of the same type. The values of the objects will be printed in the same line, and blank spaces (i.e., characters ‘ ’) will be inserted between them as a default separater.
print() defined separater	The print() function takes an optional separation argument sep: >>> print(n, r, name, sep=‘;’) 5;1.66666666667;Ida The argument sep=‘;’ specifies that semicolons should be inserted to separate the printed values.
how separater works	In general, when the argument sep=<some string> is added to the arguments of the print() function, the string <some string> will be inserted between the values. common used for (;), (\n)
end=<some string>	end=<some string> string <some string> is printed after all the arguments have been printed, eliminating the implied \n >> for name in [‘Joe’, ‘Sam’, ‘Tim’, ‘Ann’]: print(name, end=‘! ’) Joe! Sam! Tim! Ann!
printing using format ()	>>> hour = 11 >>> minute = 45 >>> second = 33 >>> ‘{0}:{1}:{2}’.format(hour, minute, second) ‘11:45:33’ characters outside {} are printed as is. {0}, {1}, and {2} are placeholders where the objects will be printed no {number}, defaults L2R
lining up data	>>> ‘{0:3},{1:5}’.format(12, 354) ‘ 12, 354’ The 0 refers to the first argument of the format() function (12), In this case, 3 indicates that the width of the placeholder should be 3. right justified
precision	>>> ‘{:8.4}’.format(1000 / 3) ‘ 333.3’ Compare this with the unformatted output: >>> 1000 / 3 333.3333333333333
type format binary	Outputs the number in binary >>> n = 10 >>> ‘{:b}’.format(n) ‘1010’
type format unicode	>>> n = 10 >>> ‘{:c}’.format(n) ‘\n’ c Outputs the Unicode character corresponding to the integer value
type format decimal	>>> n = 10 >>> ‘{:d}’.format(n) ‘10’ d Outputs the number in decimal notation (default)
type format base 16 lowercase	>>> n = 10 >>> ‘{:x}’.format(n) ‘a’ x Outputs the number in base 16, using lowercase letters for the digits above 9
type format base 16 uppercase	>>> n = 10 >>> ‘{:X}’.format(n) ‘A’ X Outputs the number in base 16, using uppercase letters for the digits above 9
type format base 8	o Outputs the number in base 8

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