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Bio101 Chpt 9 & 10
Biology Chapter 9 & 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| One of two or more different versions of the same gene | allele |
| Allele that masks the presence of another allele for the same gene when they occur together in a heterozygote. | dominate allele |
| The science of heredity | genetics |
| Alleles that a person inherits at a particular genetic locus | genotype |
| Organism that inherits two different alleles for a given gene | heterozygous/heterozygote |
| Organism that inherits two alleles of the same type for a given gene | homozygous/homozygote |
| Offspring that results from a cross between two different types of parents (P) | hybrid |
| Mendel's second law stating that factors controlling different characteristics are inherited independently of each other | law of independent assortment |
| Mendel's first law stating that the two factors controlling a characteristics separate and go to different gametes | law of segregation |
| Characteristics of an organism that depend on how the organism's genotype is expressed | phenotype |
| Tiny grains that bear the male gametes of seed plants and transfer sperm to female reproductive structures | pollen |
| Fertilization in plants in which pollen is transferred to female gametes in an ovary | pollination |
| An allele that is masked by the presence of another allele for the same gene when they occur together in a heterozygote | recessive allele |
| What is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next? | Heredity |
| What are heritable features that vary among individuals | characters |
| What is the variant for a character? | trait |
| Parental Generation is denoted by what letter? | P |
| First generation is denoted by what letter? | F1 |
| Second generation is denoted by what letter? | F2 |
| When offspring are all identical to the parent. | true-breeding |
| When crossing true-breeding parents when each parent differs in only one character. | monohybrid cross |
| Alternative versions of genes that account for variations in inherited characters. | alleles |
| For each character an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent. | homozygous and heterozygous |
| When two alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the organism's appearance which is __ ; the other has no effect and is called ___? | dominant, recessive |
| When a sperm and egg unite at fertilization each contribute its allele restoring the paired condition in the offspring | law of segregation |
| A visual (box(s)) that show the possible combinations of alleles that could occur when gametes combine. | Punnett Square |
| The difference between an organism's physical traits is called ___ and its genetic makeup is called ___? | phenotype, genotype |
| A specific location of a gene along a chromosome is called a? | locus(loci) |
| Crossing true-breeding parents with two different characters. | dihybrid cross |
| The law where the inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another | law of independent assortment |
| How do you determine an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual? | testcross |
| The probability of such a compound event is the product of the probabilities of each independent event. | the rule of multiplication |
| Calculates the probability of two independent events both occurring | the rule of multiplication |
| The probability that an event can occur in two or more alternative ways is the sum of the separate probabilities of the different ways. | the rule of addition |
| Calculates the probability of an event that can occur in alternative ways. | the rule of addition |
| The dominant allele has the same phenotypic affect whether present in one or two copies. | complete dominance |
| When the appearance of F1 hybrids fall between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties. | incomplete dominance |
| The blood group of phenotypes in humans that involve three alleles of a single gene | ABO blood group |
| Blood groups (phenotypes) are denoted by what letters? | A, B, AB, O |
| Blood group (phenotype) A is denoted by what genotype? | IAIA or IAi |
| Blood group (phenotype) B is denoted by what genotype? | IBIB or Ibi |
| Blood group (phenotype) AB is denoted by what genotype? | IAIB |
| Blood group (phenotype) O is denoted by what genotype? | ii |
| When both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals who have type AB blood they are said to be? | codominant |
| Where one gene influences multiple characters | pleiotropy |
| The affect of multiple genes in a single phenotypic character (i.e. skin color) | polygenic inheritance |
| one of a group of genes in which the number of those genes present collectively determines the extent of a characteristic such as height | polygenic inheritance |
| What theory states that genes occupy specific loci (positons)on chromosomes? | chormosome theory of inheritance |
| The theory that genes are located on chromosomes who's behavior during meiosis and fertiliztion account for inheritance patterns | chormosome theory of inheritance |
| What are genes that are located closely together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together called? | linked genes |
| Genes that are located on schromosomes at specific locations are called? | loci |
| An alternative version of a gene is called? | alleles |
| If alleles are both the same, the genotype is called? | homozygous |
| If alleles are different, the genotype is called? | heterozygous |
| An expressed heterozygous allele is called? | dominant |
| An unexpressed heterozygous allele is called? | recessive |
| Inheritance of the phenotype when it is between a dominant and or a recessive allele. | incomplete dominance |
| The alleles respresented by the letters S and s are? | on the same chromosome but far apart |
| Whether an allele is dominant or recessive depnds on | whether it or another allele determines the phenotype when both are present |
| A man who has type B blood and a woman who had type A blood could have children of which fo the following phenotypes? | A, B, AB, O |
| Two true-breeding plants are cross-fertilized. Their offspring are then cross-fertilized. What is the name given to this last offspring generation? | F2 generation |
| DdEe pea plants can produce _____ type(s) of gametes, but a ddee plant can produce _____ type(s) of gametes. | four … one |
| A cross is made between two heterozygous insects (RrBbGg). What is the probability that the offspring will be homozygous dominant for all three characteristics? | 1/64 |
| Many genetic disorders can be detected before birth. Procedures include _____, which is noninvasive, or _____, which allows the chromosomes of the fetus to be examined. Alternatively, maternal blood samples can be taken and tested for _____. | ultrasound imaging … chorionic villus sampling … AFP |
| After crossing a true-breeding red-flowered snapdragon with a true-breeding white-flowered one, you note that all of your F1 population are pink. This is because _____. | red and white show incomplete dominance |
| Two parents of mixed ethnicity have twins, one of which is born white and one of which is born black. This is because of _____. | the polygenic nature of skin color genes |
| Linked genes are inherited together. This is because linked genes _____. | are on the same chromosome |
| The frequency at which crossing over occurs between two linked genes depends on _____. | how far apart the genes are on the chromosome |
| Gene Q is an X-linked dominant allele in crustaceans that controls eye color. A cross is performed between two crustaceans: a green-eyed male (XQY) and a green-eyed female (X QX q). What percentage of the offspring have green eyes? | 75% |
| A woman and her male partner have normal color vision. However, her father and her first son are colorblind. What is her genotype? Use C as the gene for colorblindness. | XCXc |
| A single allele that controls more than one character is said to be _____. | pleiotropic |
| If two genes are linked, they are _____. | on the same chromosome |
| We can make connections to our ancestry by analyzing the _____ in males. | Y chromosome |
| Hershey and Chase's experiment worked only because _____. | viruses consist only of proteins and DNA and only the DNA was injected into the host cells |
| A uracil nucleotide is a _____ nitrogenous base attached to the _____, with the 5′ carbon of the sugar attached to a phosphate group. | one-ringed … carbon of a sugar that has an OH group at the 2′ carbon |
| During DNA replication, _____. | each parental strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand |
| The information carried by a DNA molecule is in _____. | the order of the nucleotides in the molecule |
| How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene into mRNA? | It starts at a certain nucleotide sequence called a promoter. |
| After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, portions called _____ are removed and the remaining _____ are spliced together to produce an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence. | introns … exons |
| Which of the following is true of tRNAs? | Each tRNA binds a particular amino acid. |
| In the lysogenic cycle, new viral particles are _____. | packaged and released when triggered by radiation, chemicals, or other environmental signals |
| Before an RNA virus is assembled and leaves the cell, a number of processes occur. Place these steps into the order in which they occur: | 2, 3, 1 |
| HIV and phage lambda both _____. | integrate their DNA into the host's chromosome |
Created by:
dtgs2010
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