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What is the brown substance that collects in your lungs and that can cause lung cancer?
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What is the poisonous substance that prevents the blood from carrying the oxygen?
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KS3 Respiration
KS3 respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the brown substance that collects in your lungs and that can cause lung cancer? | TAR |
| What is the poisonous substance that prevents the blood from carrying the oxygen? | CARBON MONOXIDE |
| What is the addictive substance that makes your blood pressure rise? | NICOTINE |
| Smoking calms you down. True or False? | FALSE (Nicotine makes your heart beat faster) |
| What is the substance that traps all the dust in your lungs? | MUCUS |
| How is the mucus carried from the lungs to your throat and nose? | LITTLE HAIRS (CILIA) MOVING |
| What is the Scientific Name of the windpipe? | TRACHEA |
| Why is the trachea made of hard cartilage? | To keep the air flowing in and out; if the trachea was made of soft tissues, it would collapse and no air would flow in or out |
| What is the scientific name of the air sac? | ALVEOLI |
| Why is it important to have many alveoli rather than 2 big balloons? | to increase surface area to have more gas exchange |
| What is the name of the small air passages in the lungs? | BRONCHIOLE |
| What happens to asthmatics during an asthma attack? | the bronchioles get narrower so less air flows in and out (say “narrower” rather than “smaller”!) |
| The Windpipe divides into two branches. What is the name of those branches? | BRONCHUS |
| What is the muscle that makes us breathe? | DIAPHRAGM |
| When we breathe in, describe what happens to the rib-cage. | IT EXPANDS |
| Which gas do we need to live? | OXYGEN |
| What is our fuel? | SUGARS(CARBOHYDRATES) |
| What are the names of the 2 (waste) gases produced when our cells respire? | CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER (STEAM) |
| What is the difference between respiration and breathing? | breathing is the exchange of gas: it happens IN THE LUNGS; respiration is the production of energy through the oxidation ("burning") of sugar: it happens IN THE CELLS |
| How much Carbon Dioxide is there on average in the air that we breathe in? | less than 1% |
| How much Carbon Dioxide is there on average in the air that we breathe out? | about 4%: that is MORE CO2 in the air we breathe out than we breathe in because we produce CO2 IN THE CELLS through repiration |
| What is the name of a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart? | ARTERY |
| What is the name of a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart? | VEIN |
| What is the name of the blood vessels which are only one cell thick? | CAPILLARY |
| Give one difference between an artery and a vein. | ARTERY HAVE A THICKER WALL. Veins have got valves |
| Why is there valves in veins or in the heart? | to prevent blood from flowing back |
| What happens when the blood vessel around the heart are thickening? | LESS BLOOD, LESS OXYGEN, MUSCLE DOES NOT WORK, HEART FAILURE |
| What is the name of the top 2 chambers? | ATRIUM |
| What is the name of the bottom 2 chambers? | VENTRICLE |
| Give 2 things that make you more at risk to get Heart diseases. | Eat too much FAT, SMOKING, DRINKING or too little EXERCISE |
| What is the name of the pale yellow liquid in the blood? | PLASMA |
| What substance are carried in the plasma? | Carbon Dioxide and nutrients |
| What is the name of the blood cells that carry the oxygen? | RED BLOOD CELLS |
| What is the name of the blood cells that takes care of viruses and bacteria? | WHITE CELLS |
| What is the name of the chemical inside the red blood cell that will carry the oxygen? | HAEMOGLOBIN |
| How is a red blood cell adapted to its job? | it has no nucleus and a wide surface area for the Oxygen molecule to bind onto |
| What substances are picked up from the small intestine? | SUGARS |
| What do the kidneys do? | GET RID OF THE WASTES IN THE BLOOD |
| Where respiration takes place | Cells |
| Where breathing takes place | Lungs |
| Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart | artery (Artery=Away) |
| Which type of blood vessel connects artery to vein | capillary |
| Which type of blood vessel carries blood back into the heart | vein (VeIN=INto the heart) |
| Which type of blood vessel carries blood to and from cells | capillary |
| Which type of blood vessel carries blood at high pressure | artery (the walls are arteries are thicker to withstand pressure) |
| Which type of blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from heart to the body | artery |
| Which type of blood vessel has a thin wall made of single layer of cells | capillary |
| Which type of blood vessel has thin walls and contains valves | veins |
| Which type of blood vessel carries oxygen-poor blood from cells to the heart | veins |
| Which type of blood vessel carries blood at low pressure | veins (there are valves in the veins to prevent the blood from flowing backwards) |
| Which type of blood vessel has thick elastic and muscular walls | artery |
| Which type of blood vessel has thin walls so that substances can be exchanged between blood and cells | capillary |
| Why does blood returning to the heart from the body cells contains a higher percentage of CO2 than when it left the heart? | CO2 is produced by cells during respiration; CO2 diffuses from cells into blood and CO2 will dissolves in the plasma |
| What do red blood cells (aka RBC) do as they flow through capillaries around the lungs? | the RBC pick up Oxygen |
| How does the Oxygen travel from the lungs to the blood vessels | Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries/blood stream: the oxygen travels FROM an area of HIGH concentration (lungs) TO an area of LOW concentration (capillaries); Oxygen will then attach to the Red Blood Cell |
| How does blood flow through arteries? | fast and high pressure |
| How does blood flow through veins? | slow and at low pressure |
| What type of blood vessels does blood flow through organs’cells? | capillary |
| What is the job of valves in veins and in the heart? | to prevent the blood from flowing backwards |
| What is the equation for respiration? | Sugar + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water +(energy) |
| What is the test for Carbon Dioxide? | Limewater turns cloudy |
| What do we need to respire? | Sugar and Oxygen |
| What is the difference between breathing and respiration? | Breathing means “getting gases in and out of the LUNGS”; respiration means “burning sugar in the CELLS to get ENERGY” |
| Which part of the blood helps you fight diseases? | White Blood cell |
| Which part of the blood helps the blood clot? | Platelet |
| Which part of the blood helps you carry Carbon Dioxide? | Plasma |
| Which part of the blood helps you carry oxygen? | Red Blood cell |
| Name at least two other things (other than Carbon Dioxide) that are dissolved in the plasma | sugar,amino acids and fatty acids (ie digested food), antibodies, hormones |
| Why is it important for a red blood cell to be small and flexible? | so that the RBC can pass through the tiny capillary |
| What feature of a vein prevent the blood from flowing backwards? | Valve |
| What feature of an artery helps it withstand pressure? | Thick walls |
| Explain how the oxygen goes from the capillary into a cell | the oxygen will diffuse from the capillary into the cell |
| What is the name of the two small chambers at the top of the heart? | Atria |
| Why has the left ventricle a thicker muscle than the right ventricle? | because the left ventricle needs to push the blood all the way around teh body, whereas the right verntricle pushes the blood to the lungs only |
| The air flows from the mouth to ... | Trachea > Bronchi>Bronchioles > Alveoli |
| What passes from the alveoli (lungs) into a capillary? | Oxygen |
| How does the oxygen pass from the alveoli into capillaries? | diffusion |
| Why is the trachea so hard? | to prevent the trachea from collapsing, so that the air can always pass through |
| Why are there so many alveoli in the lungs? | to create a LARGE surface area to get MORE oxygen in; |
| Explain why heart rate and breathing rate increase when you exercise | when you exercise, your muscles need MORE energy, so they need MORE sugar and MORE oxygen, so they need MORE blood to travel to the cells (did you use “more” every time?) |
| What passes from the capillaries to the alveoli (lungs)? | carbon dioxide |
| What is the balanced equation for the respiration in the cells? | C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O |
| GCSE: Explain why the rate of breathing remains high minutes after exercise | When a period of exercise is over, lactic acid must be removed. This requires oxygen. The amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid, and replace the body's reserves of oxygen, is called the oxygen debt. |
| What is the lumen in a blood vessel? | a hollow passageway through which blood flow |
| Give factors that can increase the risk of heart disease | smoking / nicotine; alcohol lack of exercise / sedentary lifestyle; salt; stress; age; obesity; genes / genetics / family history |
| Describe how bronchodilators(inhalers) help asthmatic people to breathe | it increases the diameter of the bronchioles; to let more air flow into the alveoli |
| CHALLENGE: A teacher could demonstrate breathing in using a bell-jar model and pulling the rubber sheet down. Explain why the balloons inflate during this demonstration. | increase in volume inside the jar which causes a decrease in pressure the jar; as the pressure (inside) is lower than atmospheric (outside), the air flows in |
| Explain why asthmatic people can become more breathless during exercise. | As the bronchioles are smaller, there is less oxygen getting to the alveoli/to the cells, so there will be less respiration in the cells so there will be less energy released |
| CHALLENGE Describe the movement of the diaphragm and of the intercostal muscles when a person breathes in | Both contract |
| State two ways in which the structure of an artery differs from the structure of a vein | An artery has thicker wall; thicker muscle; more elastic tissue; smaller lumen |
| CHALLENGE: Explain why a baby uses more oxygen per gram than an adult. | Baby is smaller so has a larger surface area to volume ratio so will lose heat more rapidly; in order to maintain body temperature, it needs to produce more energy so more respiration needs to take place so it needs more oxygen to the cells |
| What is the name of the blood vessel that brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart? | A blood vessel that that brings blood INto (IN) the heart is aveIN (IN), so it is the vena cava |
| What is the name of the blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? | A blood vessel that that brings blood INto (IN) the heart is aveIN (IN), so it is the pulmonary vein |
| What is the name of the blood vessel that sends oxygenated blood from the heart to the body? | A blood vessel that goes Away (A) from the heart is an Artery (A), so it is the aorta |
| What is the name of the blood vessel that sends deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs? | A blood vessel that goes Away (A) from the heart is an Artery (A), so it is the pulmonary artery |
| In the heart of a foetus, the two upper chambers (atria) are linked by a hole so that blood can pass between them. Sometimes the hole does not close. Explain what effect this will have on the baby. | oxygenated and deoxygenated blood will mix; the mixture is pumped around body; less oxygen arrives to the cells; less respiration; consequence: shortness of breath; less energy; blue skin |
| Describe the function of the semi-lunar valves found in the heart | They prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles |
| Which blood vessel has a larger lumen (a hollow passageway through which blood flow)? Explain why | The veins: their walls are considerably thinner and their lumens are correspondingly larger in diameter, allowing more blood to flow with less vessel resistance. |
| Match parts of the respiratory system with parts of the bell-jar model | Trachea= tube going in the jar; lungs=balloons; diaphragm= rubber sheet; rib cage=walls of the jar (note that this part of the model does not represent well the respiratory system as the rib cage moves but not the jar) |
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ursulinebio
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