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OS Key Terms (5)
Connecting to a Network
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) | method of dividing a NET IP address into subnets by designating some # of its host bits as NET bits. Allows the division between the NET ID and host ID to fall anywhere in an IPv4 address; doesn't have to fall on 1 of the 8-bit boundaries. |
Connectionless Protocol | used in data networking; no connection needed for data transfer. Transmit data without knowing if the destination is ready to accept it, or if it even exists. No delivery guaranteed; operate w/ a very low overhead (conserves NET bandwidth) |
Connection-Oriented Protocol | used in data networking; 2 systems establish a connection before they transmit data. The computers exchange packets with complex headers designed to provide error detection and correction. Ensures bit-perfect data transmissions. |
Data Encapsulation | networking protocols add headers and footers (sometimes) to an existing daata structure to provide it w/ addressing info and other function-specific values. |
Datagram | data structure by a HET layer protocol (IP), consisting of transport layer data w/ header w/ IP address and other comm info |
8P8C Connectors | type of modular cable connector for data networks made w/ unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling |
Firewall | virtual barrier between computer and network its attached to; a filter that enables certain incoming and outgoing traffic to pass through. |
Frame | generated by data link layer such as IEEE 802.3, consisting of NET layer w/ header and footer w/ MAC address and other comm info |
Internet Protocol (IP) | NET layer protocol in TCP/IP suite. Provides end-to-end addressing and other comm services. |
IP Address | unique 32-bit numeric address used as an ID for a device, like a computer, on a TCP/IP NET |
Link Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) | name resolution protocol used by IPv6 computers w/ link-local addresses that don't have access to a Domain Name System (DNS) |
Media Access Control (MAC) Addresses | 6-byte hexadecimal sequence, hard-coded into each NET interface adapter by the manufacturer, used by a data link layer protocols to uniquely identify a computer on a local area network |
Network Address Translation (NAT) | routing protocol that enables multiple computers on a private NET to share 1 public IP address. |
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model | design aid that splits data into discrete units (packets), which transmits individually to the destination system, which then reassembles thm back into the original data stream. |
Packet-Switching Networks | a type of comm NET in which a sending system splits data into discrete (packets), which transmits individually to the destination system, which then reassembles the packets back into the original data stream. |
Ports | In TCP/IP networking, a code that identifies a particular app running on a computer, used to forward incoming traffic to the proper destination process |
Protocols | a collection of comm rules that enable computers to comm w/ each other |
Router | device that connects 1 NET to another |
Socket | combo of an IP address and a port #, expressed using the format xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:yyyy. |
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration | IPv6 address assignment technique that enables computers to configure their own addresses after transmitting router solicitation multicasts to the routers on the NET and receiving router advertisement messages in return. |
Subnet Mask | In TCP/IP networking, a 32-bit value that specifies which bits of an IP address form the NET identifier and which bits form the host identifier. |
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) | a connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides services such as guaranteed delivery and error protection for data transmissions that must be bit perfect |
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) | type of cabling consisting of a # of wire pairs, each individually twisted and all enclosed in a sheath. UTP cable is often used for voice and data communications. |