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Biology chapter 3
Water
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element? | atom |
| What is associated with the atomic nucleus because of positive and negative charges but is still relatively far from the nucleus? | Electrons in the electron cloud |
| Water? | Hydro |
| Loving? | philos |
| Fearing? | phobos |
| A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | Acid |
| The attraction between different kinds of molecules due to hydrogen bonds | Adhesion |
| A solution in which water is the solvent | Aqueous solution |
| A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | Base |
| The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds | Cohesion |
| The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state | Evaporative cooling |
| The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter | heat |
| The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for one gram to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state. Amount of energy needed to turn a liquid into a gas and is relatively high in water due to hydrogen bonds | Heat of vaporization |
| A single proton with a charge of plus one (+1). The dissociation of a water molecule leads to the generation of a hydroxide (OH-) and a hydrogen ion (H+) | Hydrogen ion |
| Having an affinity for water | Hydrophilic |
| Having an aversion to water | Hydrophobic |
| A water molecule that has lost a proton | Hydroxide ion |
| The energy of motion | Kinetic energy |
| The sum of masses of all the atoms in a molecule, sometimes called molecular weight | Molecular mass |
| A measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution; ranges in value from 0 to 14 | pH |
| A substance that is dissolved in a solution | Solute |
| A liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances | Solution |
| The dissolving agent of the solution | Solvent |
| The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost of 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C. how much energy it takes to change the temperature of the liquid and it's relatively high in water because of hydrogen bonds | Specific heat |
| A measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of the liquid and is made higher in water due to hydrogen bonds | Surface tension |
| A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees | Temperature |
| What is made of one atom of oxygen bonded to two hydrogen atoms by polar covalent bonds? This also allows for what to form between water molecules? | Water, hydrogen bonds |
| What gives water many unique properties compared to other liquids? | Hydrogen bonding |
| Ice, or frozen water, is (blank) dense than liquid water because the (blank blank) in ice are fixed into place and space the water molecules further apart | Less dense, hydrogen bonds |
| A homogenous mixture of two or more substances | Solution |
| Things dissolved in a solvent | Solutes |
| If the solvent is water, it is what? | An aqueous solution |
| (Blank) substances are repelled By water and contai nonpolar bonds | Hydrophobic |
| (Blank) substances are attracted By water and contain polar bonds or are ionic compounds | Hydrophilic |
| When water breaks apart they can break into (blank) and (blank)? | Hydrogen cations (H+) and hydroxide and ions (OH-) |
| The measure of how many H+ are in substances | ph |
| H+ are (blank) in acids and (blank) in bases | High, low |
| A pH of seven is? | Neutral |
| you can figure out the pH, using the formula: | pH = -log[H+] |
| formula for pH | [H+] x [OH-] = 1 x 10-14 |
| The attraction of like molecules to each other | Cohesion |
| The cohesive force is maintained by the transient (blank blank) between adjacent molecules that contain internal polar covalent bonds | Hydrogen bonds |
| The attraction of one type of molecule to another type | Adhesion |
| In the transport vessels of a plant, ((blank) helps water molecules travel from the roots to the leaves by a chain of water molecules, each hydrogen bonded to water molecules enables the water to be pulled upwards against the pool of gravity | Cohesion |
| (Blank) forces between the water molecules and other type of molecules in the vessel walls contain polar covalent bonds and therefore can hydrogen bond with the water molecules | Adhesive |
| Water has a (blank) specific heat compared to other liquids so that its temperature changes less dramatically with adding or taking away heat | High |
| Waters resistance to changing temperature is because (blank blank) between water molecules must be broken first by the added heat before any of that he can be used for a change in temperature | Hydrogen bonds |
| Coastal areas generally have (blank) climates then inland areas due to the stabilizing effect of water on the air temperatures | Milder |
| Measure of how hard it is to break the surface of the fluid | Surface tension |
| Water tends to have a (Blank) amount of surface tension compared to other liquids | Higher |
| The (blank blank) between water molecules gives a stability to the surface | Hydrogen bonds |
| When the temperature of water is lowered the hydrogen bonds between water molecules become what? | Fixed into place, spacing the water molecules further apart. This makes ice less dense than liquid |
| Water has a relatively (blank) heat of vaporization due to the need of molecules of water to overcome the attraction of the hydrogen bonds between each other | High |
| a solution is a homogenous mixture of what? | Solute and solvent |
| Hydrophobic substances contain what type of bonds that allow them to be repelled by water? | Nonpolar covalent bonds |
| Hydrophilic substances are attracted to water and contain what type of bonds? | Either polar covalent or ionic bonds |
| Hydrogen bonds have to be between what types of molecules? | Polar |
| The attraction of water to neighboring water is an example of what? | Cohesion |
| Water-based blood is attracted to glass capillaries which is caused by the adhesion of polar water to polar glass. This is called what? | Capillary action |
| What is it called when hydrogen bonds between water molecules break? | Evaporation |
| Water is a versatile solvent due to its what? | Polarity |
| Water can form what type of solution? | Aqueous |
| Regions of polar water molecules can interact with (blank) compounds called (blank) and dissolve them | Ionic, solutes |
| Dissociation of water means that water can dissociate into (blank) and (blank)? | Hydrogen and hydroxide |
Created by:
SarahRupp22
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