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ch 17 special senses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name the 4 senses | smell, taste, hearing sight |
| what type of receptor is the olfactory receptor | chemoreceptors |
| describe the olfactory organs | -contain olfactory reeptors and supporting epithelial cells -cover parts of nasal cavity, superior nasal conchae, and a portion of the nasal septum |
| olfactory nerve pathway | Once olfactory receptors are stimulated, nerve impulses travel through Olfactory nerves > olfactory bulbs > olfactory tracts > limbic system (for emotions) and olfactory cortex (for interpretation) Lack of Smell = Anosmia |
| name of bone at the top of the nose | cribiform plate |
| Where is the olfactory bulb located | in the forebrain |
| the strongest smell is based on the | number of molecules in the air |
| taste buds | organ of taste, located on papilae of tongue, roof of mouth, linings of cheeks and walls of pharynx |
| what kind of receptors is a taste recpetors | chemoreceptors |
| what are taste cells and taste hairs | modified epithelial cells that function as receptors microvilli that protrude from taste cells; sensitive parts of taste cells |
| what is the correct name for tastebud | papillae |
| what is the correct name for the sense of taste | gustation |
| five taste sensations | sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami |
| what cranial nerves are associated with taste | vii facial, & ix glassopharyngial |
| taste nerve pathway | sensory impulses from taste receptors travel along: -cranial nerve to -medulla oblongata to -thalamus to -gustatory cortex (for interpretation) |
| what are the four types of tastebuds (papillae) | fungiform papillae, filiform papillae, foliate papillae, circumvallate papillae |
| what papillae is responsible for sensing texture | filliform papillae |
| why is there no taste receptors in the epiglotis | its in the autonomic system |
| what are the 3 sections of the ear | external ear, middle ear, & inner ear |
| what parts are included in the external ear | auricle, external auditory meadus, & tympanic membrane |
| what is the function of the auricle | to collect sound waves |
| what is the function of the external auditory meatus | lined with ceruminous glands, & carries sound to tympanic membrane |
| what is the function of the tympanic membrane | vibrates in response to sound waves |
| what are the components of the middle ear | tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles, & oval window |
| explain tympanic cavity | air-filled space in temporal bone |
| what are the auditory ossicles and their function | vibrate in response to tympanic membrane, inc malleus, incus and stapes also known as hammer anvil and stirrup |
| what is the oval window and its function | opening in the wall of the tympanic cavity, stapes/stirrup vibrates against it to move fluids in the inner ear. |
| what is the auditory tube also known as | Eustachian tube |
| what is the function of the auditory tube | connects middle ear to throat, helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane, usually closed by valve like flaps in the throat |
| what are the 2 complex systems of labyrinths in the inner ear | osseous labryrinth and membranous labyrinth |
| explain the osseous labyrinth | bony canal in temporal bone |
| explain the membranous labyrinth | tube within osseous labyrinth, filled with endolymph |
| what are the 3 parts of the labyrinths | cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule |
| what is the function of the cochea | hearing |
| what is the function of the semicircular canals and vestibule | equilibrium |
| what are the two fluid filled cavities in the cochlea | scala vestibuli & scala tympani |
| explain scala vestibuli | upper compartment, leads from oval window to apex of spiral, part of bony labyrinth |
| explain scala tympani | lower compartment, extends from apex of the cochlea to round window, part of the bony labyrinth. |
| explain cochlear duct | portion of membranous labyrinth in cochlea |
| explain vestibular memerane | seperates cochlear duct from scala vestibuli |
| explain basilar membrane | separates cochlear duct from scala tympani |
| what is the organ of corti | -group of hearing receptor cells (hair cells) -on upper surface of basilar membrane -different frequencies move diff parts of basilar membrane -particular sound frequencies cause hairs of receptor cells to bend -nerve impulse generated |
| 2 types of equilibrium | static equilibrium and dynamic equilibriem |
| explain static equalibrium | -vestibule -senses position of head when body is NOT moving |
| explain dynamic equalibrium | semicircular canals -senses rotation and movement of head and body |
| what are the visual accessory organs | eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, extrinsic eye muscles |
| Eyelids correct name | palpebra |
| what are the 4 components of the eyelid | skin, muscles, connective tissue and conjuctiva |
| orbicularis oculi | what part of the eyelid closes the eyelid |
| levator parpebrae | opens the eyelid |
| tarsal glands | secrete oil onto eyelashes |
| conjuctiva | mucous membrane, lines eyelid and covers portion of eyeball |
| four parts of the lacrimal apparatus | lacrimal gland, canaliculi,lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct |
| lacrimal gland | lateral to eye, secretes tears |
| canaliiesculi | collects tears |
| lacrimal sac | collects from canaliculi |
| nasolacrimal duct | collects from lacrimal salc, empties tears into nasla cavity |
| extrinsic eye muscles | superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior obilque |
| superior rectus | rotates eye up and medial |
| inferior rectus | rotates eye down and medially |
| medial rectus | rotates eye medially |
| lateral rectus | rotates eye laterally |
| superior oblique | rotates eye down and laterally |
| inferior oblique | rotates eye up and laterally |
| eye wall has 3 layers | outer fibrous tunic, middle vascular tunic, inner nervous tunic |
| Outer tunic consists of | cornea and sclera (the white of your eye) |
| Cornea | anterior portion -transparent -light transmission -light refraction |
| sclera (whites) | posterior portion -opaque -protection |
| jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) | excess build up of albumen |
| 3components of the middle tunic | Iris, ciliary body, and choroid coat |
| Iris | -anterior portion -pigmented -controls light intensity |
| ciliary body | -anterior portion -pigmented -holds lens -moves lens for focusing |
| choroid coat | -provides blood supply -pigments absorb extra light |
| anterior portion of the eye | filled with aqueous humor (fluid) |
| lens | -transparent -biconvex -lies behind iris -largely composed of lens fibers -elastic -held in place by suspensory ligaments of ciliary body |
| ciliary body | -forms internal ring around the front of the eye -ciliary processes- radiating folds -ciiary muscles- contract and relax to move lens |
| accomodation | changing of lens shape to view objects |
| iris | -composed of connective tissue and smooth muscle -pupil is hole in the iris -dim light stimulates radial muscles and pupil dilates -bright light stimulates circular muscles and pupil constricts |
| aqueous humor | -fluid in the anterior cavity of eye -secreted by epithelium on inner surface of the ciliary body -provides nutrients -maintains shape of anterior portion of eye -leaves cavity through canal of schlemm |
| inner tunic | -retina -contains visual receptors -continuous with optic nerve -vitreous humor, thick gel that holds retina flat against choroid coat |
| fovea centralus | proper name for blind spot |
| posterior cavity | contains viteous humor- thick gel that holds the retina flat again choroid coat |
Created by:
slarrett
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