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Ch 17 general senses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name the two sense categories | General Senses and Special Senses |
| Describe and locate where general senses are | Widely distributed throughout the body, in the skin, various organs, and joints |
| Describe special senses | specialized receptors confined to the head. Eyes, ears, nose and mouth |
| What are Sensory receptor | Specialized cells or multicellular structure that collect information from the environment. |
| What do sensory receptors do | Stimulate neurons to send impulses along sensory fibers to the brain. |
| What is sensation | a feeling that occurs when the brain becomes aware of sensory impulses |
| What is perception | A person's view of the stimulus; the way the brain interprets the information |
| Receptor Types | Chemoreceptors, nocioceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors |
| chemoreceptors respond to | changes in chemical concentrations |
| nocioceptors respond to | tissue damage |
| thermoreceptors respond to | changes in temperature |
| mechanoreceptors respond to | mechanical forces |
| photoreceptors respond to | light |
| 5 steps to Sensory impulse describe first 3 | -stimulation of receptor causes local change in its receptor potential -a graded electrical current is generated that reflects intensity of stimulation -if receptor is part of a neuron, the membrane potential may generate an action potential |
| 5 steps to Sensory impulse describe last 2 | -if receptor is not part of a neuron, the receptor potential must be transferred to a neuron to trigger an action potential -perifperal nerves transmit impulses to CNS where they are analyzed and interpreted by the brain |
| What is Sensory adaptation | -ability to ignore unimportant stimuli -sensory impulses become less frequent and may cease -stronger stimulus is required to trigger impulses. |
| name the 3 groups of general senses | exteroceptive, visceroceptive, proprioceptive |
| what sense is associated with body surface such as touch, pressure, temperature, and pain | exteroceptive |
| what sense is associated with changes in the viscera such as blood pressure stretching blood vessels and ingestion of a meal | visceroceptive |
| what senses are associated with changes in muscles and tendons such as at joints | proprioceptive |
| 3 types of touch and pressure senses | free nerve endings, meissner's, & pacinian |
| free nerve endings | -common in epithelial tissues -simplest receptors -sense of itching |
| Meissner's | -abundant in hairless portions of skin and lips -detect fine touch; distinguish between two points on the skin |
| Pacinian | -Common in deeper subcutaneous tissues, tendons and ligaments -detect heavy pressure and vibrations |
| temperature senses are only receptive between what temperatures | 10-45 degrees |
| warm recpetor ranges | sensitive to temperatures above 25 but below 45 |
| cold recepter ranges | sensitive to temperatures between 10-25 degrees |
| Sense of pain | -free nerve endings -widely distributed -nervous tissue of brain lacks pain receptors -adapt very little, if at all -stimulated by tissue damage, chemical mechanical forces, or extreme temperatures. |
| 5 facts of visceral pain | -pain receptors are the only receptors in viscera whose stimulation produces sensations -pain receptors respond differently to stimulation -pain receptors are not well localized -pain receptors may feel as if coming from some other part of the body |
| 2 types of pain nerve pathways | acute pain fibers and chronic pain fibers |
| acute pain fibers | -A-delta fibers -thin, myelinated -conduct impulses rapidly -associated with sharp pain -well localized |
| chronic pain fibers | -C fibers -thin, unmyelinated -conduct impulses more slowly associated with dull, aching pain -difficult to pinpoint |
| regulation of pain impulses | -thalamus -cerebral cortex -pain inhibiting substances |
| thalamus- regarding pain | allows person to be aware of pain |
| Cerebral cortex -regarding pain | -judges intensity of pain -locates source of pain -produces emotional and motor responses to pain |
| pain inhibiting substances | -enkephalins -serotonin -endorphins |
| what is proprioception and what kind of receptor does it use | information send to spianl cord and CNS about body position and length, and tension of muschles. (3D space) -mechanoceptors |
| Main kinds of proprioceptors | pacinian, muscle spindles, and golgi tendon organs |
| stretch receptors | muscle spindles, and golgi tendon organs |
| another name for visceral senses | interoreceptors |
| what are interorecpetors | -receptors in internal organs -convey info that incl the sense of fullness after eating a meal as well as the discomfort of intestinal gas and the pain that signals a heart attack |
Created by:
slarrett
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