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Computer Flashcards
By Jacob and Garrett
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hardware | Computer’s physical components -Monitor, keyboard, memory, hard drive |
| Software | Instruction set -Directs hardware to accomplish a task Uses hardware for four basic functions -Input, processing, storage, output |
| Binary number system | Stores and reads two states -0 or 1, On or Off, True or False, etc |
| Bit | Short for “binary digit”, Smallest unit of computing |
| Byte | Eight bits, Used for counting, calculation, storage operations |
| American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) | Used for storing characters |
| Computer activity consists of... | Computer activity consists of input, processing, storage, and output |
| Primary input devices | Keyboard, mouse Requires electricity from inside case |
| Primary output devices | Monitor: visually displays primary computer output Printer: produces paper output (hard copy) |
| The Motherboard | Largest, most important circuit board -Contains the CPU, expansion slots, other devices |
| Central processing unit (CPU) | Also called: processor, microprocessor Reads input, processes data, writes data to storage |
| Chipset | Group of microchips on the motherboard controlling data flow |
| Primary storage (main memory) | Temporary storage used by the processor Random Access Memory, Registers Most common: dual inline memory module (DIMM) Volatile memory – It loses whatever was being stored whenever it loses power |
| Secondary storage (permanent storage) | Enables data to persist after machine turned off Examples: hard drive, CD, DVD, USB drive |
| Traces | Fine lines on top and bottom of the motherboard’s surface |
| Bus | System of pathways, transmission protocols |
| BIOS (basic input/output system) | Data and instructions stored on ROM chips ROM BIOS chips: type of firmware |
| CMOS RAM | Includes date, time, port configurations |
| Flash ROM | ROM chips that can be overwritten |
| Parallel and serial ATA standards | Enable secondary storage devices to interface with the motherboard |
Created by:
Echo21
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