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Hardware Terms

TermDefinition
Hardware Computer’s physical components Monitor, keyboard, memory, hard drive
Software Instruction set Directs hardware to accomplish a task Uses hardware for four basic functions Input, processing, storage, output Binary number system - Stores and reads two states 0 or 1, On or Off, True or False, etc
Bit short for “binary digit”, Smallest unit of computing
Byte eight bits, Used for counting, calculation, storage operations
Motherboard Largest, most important circuit board Contains the CPU, expansion slots, other devices Central processing unit (CPU) Also called: processor, microprocessor Reads input, processes data, writes data to storage
Chipset Group of microchips on the motherboard controlling data flow
Primary storage Temporary storage used by the processor Random Access Memory, Registers Most common: dual inline memory module (DIMM) Volatile memory – It loses whatever was being stored whenever it loses power Secondary storage Enables data to persist after machine turn
RAM RAM Is the Random Access Memory. Used for to retrieve instructions for software at high speeds.
Hard drives Main secondary computer storage device.Magnetic hard drives Use Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Solid state drive (SSD) Use nonvolatile flash memoryATA (AT Attachment) standard Specifies motherboard-hard drive interface Types: serial ATA (SATA), parall
ROM (read-only memory) can only read a disc
Traces Fine lines on top and bottom of the motherboard’s surface
Bus System of pathways, transmission protocols
Video Card The video card allows for advanced video that is mostly common In video games or in video game software.
Sound Card provides ports for speakers and microphones
Network Card : provides a port for a network cable
Power supply Most important electrical component Converts AC voltage external source to DC voltage Reduces voltage from 110-120 volts to 12 volts or less Runs a fan to cool the inside of the computer case
BIOS (basic input/output system) Data and instructions stored on ROM chips
ROM BIOS chips type of firmware
CMOS RAM includes date, time, port configurationsFlash ROM
Flash ROM ROM chips that can be overwritten
Created by: Caliboy14
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