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research methods
final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| efficacy | the ability to produce an outcome; to have an impact on something |
| spurious | bogus, sham |
| tenable | defendable, able to be maintained |
| anacdotal | explanations about situations (phenomena) without empirical data |
| bias | any influence that disturbs the accuracy of data; distortion |
| construe | explain, interpret |
| taxonomy | a classification, an ordering |
| data | any information obtained from a sample |
| replication | conducting a study again with different subjects |
| salient | obvious, prominent, conspicuous |
| internal validity | the findings of a study can be attributed to the hypothesis rather than outside influences |
| attrition | the decrease of the # of subjects in a sample |
| paradigm | an example that serves as a model; a representation of how a concept functions |
| serendipity | to discover by accident, an unexpected finding |
| baseline | the subjects level of functioning prior to an intervention in an experimental study |
| instrument | any procedure or device used to systematically collect data ex: skin caliper, scale, questionnaire |
| phenomena | something that impresses one as extraordinary; an occurrence or circumstance that is observed |
| parsimony | in its simplest form, extreme frugality- E=MC squared |
| variable | anything that can be measured and that varies. |
| delphi method | used to gather expert opinions on a professional issue, and through polling experts achieve some group consensus among those experts |
| advantages of delphi | 1. a good technique in situations where subjective judgements from a # of experts can solve a problem 2. useful when both large #s of experts and geographical representation is sought to build consensus on a professional topic. |
| continued... | 3. questionnaires equalize the opinion of each expert - removing the impact of persuasive/domineering personalities in face to face interactions 4. promotes free expression of all participants. |
| disadvantages of delphi | 1. slow process. a quick solution is unlikely 2. sample - non-random 3. cannot work when quick consensus on an issue is necessary |
| historical method | a systematic process of searching for the facts and using that information to describe, analyze, and interpret the past. all data focuses on past occurrences and events |
| sources of historical information | primary and secondary |
| primary | a first-hand account of an event or experience - you are collecting your data from an individual who was a direct participant or witness. |
| examples of primary sources | transcript of an oral interview, written letters or personal essays by a participant, minutes of a public meeting, photos |
| secondary | accounts of events by one who is at least one step removed from the event. |
| examples of secondary sources | newspaper editorial, textbooks, websites. |
| data collection of source materials | documents, numerical records, oral statements, relics |
| documents | written or printed materials produced to in the past |
| numerical records | a sort of "sub-category" of documents ex: test scores, attendance figures |
| oral statements | oral interviews of one who was "there" |
| relics | any object whose physical or visual characteristics provide information about the past. ex: clothing, artwork, sports equipment from over several decades |
Created by:
jayembee123
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