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Chapter twenty-one**
Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The enzyme that converts carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid is ___. | carbonic anhydrase |
| ___ are chemicals that prevent sharp changes in pH when an acid or base is added to a solution. | Buffers |
| If a strong acid such as HCl were added to the buffer pair NaHCO3 and H2CO3, the NaHCO3 would become ___. | H2CO3 |
| If a strong base such as NaOH were added to the buffer pair in question 3, the H2CO3 would become ___. | NaHCO3 |
| The part of the nephron that is important in regulation of blood pH is the ___. | distal tubule |
| When Na2HPO4 is used by the kidney to remove hydrogen ions from the blood, the end product that leaves the body in the urine is ___. | NaH2PO4 |
| When ammonia is used by the kidney to remove hydrogen ions from the blood, the end product that leaves the body in the urine is ___. | NH4Cl |
| The kidney is more effective in pH regulation than the lung because it can remove ___, which the lung cannot. | base |
| The condition in which the blood pH is higher than normal is called ___. | alkalosis |
| The condition in which the blood pH is lower than normal is called ___. | acidosis |
| In order for the buffer pair to function correctly, the concentration of NaHCO3 must be ___ times greater than the concentration of H2CO3. | 20 |
| Metabolic disturbances usually have an effect on the ___ part of the buffer pair. | NaHCO3 |
| Respiratory disturbances usually have an effect on the ___ part of the buffer pair. | H2CO3 |
| Severe vomiting is a metabolic disturbance that can cause metabolic ___. | alkalosis |
| Increase or decrease When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the amount of NaHCO3 in the blood ___. | decreases |
| Increase or decrease When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood ___. | increases |
| Increase or decrease When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the amount of H2CO3 in the blood ___. | increases |
| Increase or decrease When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the pH of the blood ___. | decreases |
| Increase or decrease Anything that causes an excessive increase in the respiration rate causes the pH of the blood to ___. | increase |
| Increase or decrease Anything that causes an appreciable decrease in the respiration rate causes the pH of the blood to ___. | decrease |
Created by:
hakej
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