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Circulatory & Blood
Review for Sapulpa Physiology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. | Hemoglobin |
| A red blood cell that (in humans) is typically a biconcave disk without a nucleus | Erythrocytes |
| A colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease; a white (blood) cell. | Leukocytes |
| A condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness | Anemia |
| a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood thrombocytes (platelets) | Megakaryocytes |
| Blood Clotting | Coagulation |
| a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin | Thrombus |
| A blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object that has been carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel. | Embolus |
| A substance on the surface of red Blood cells that elicits an immune response when transfused. | Antigen |
| A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. | Antibodies |
| A clump of cells (usually erythrocytes) formed as a result of specific chemical interaction between surface antigens and antibodies. | Agglutination |
| A person with this antigen is said to be positive; a person without this antigen is said to be negative. Was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey. | Rh factor |
| The rupture or destruction of red blood cells | Hemolysis |
| An escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel | Hemorrhage |
| A medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury | Hemophilia |
| An excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall | Aneurysm |
| the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow) | Hematopoiesis |
| The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood | Hematocrit |
| The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood | Diastole |
| The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries | Systole |
| The artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation | Pulmonary artery |
| A vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart | Pulmonary vein |
| A partition separating two chambers, such as that between the chambers of the heart. | Septum |
| a semi-lunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta; prevents blood from flowing from the aorta back into the heart | Aortic Valve |
| a semi-lunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from the artery back into the heart | Pulmonary Valve |
| A blood vessel carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation | Pulmonary artery |
| A blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart | Pulmonary vein |
| smallest blood vessel where oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients can be exchanged between the blood and body tissue. | Capillaries |
| Any part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body | Artery |
| a blood vessel carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart | Veins |
| The main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system; largest blood vessel in the body | Aorta |
| receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart;The main vein leading into the heart. | Superior Vena Cava |
| receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart; formed from the two iliac veins | Inferior Vena Cava |
| the part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart and aorta and esophagus and trachea and thymus | Mediastinum |
| pointed lowest superficial part of the heart | Apex of the Heart |
| the membranous sac enclosing the heart | Pericardium |
| the space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid that lubricates the membrane surfaces and allows easy heart movement | Pericardial cavity |
| the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium | Epicardium (visceral) |
| outermost layer of the pericardium | Parietal pericardium |
| The muscular tissue of the heart | Myocardium |
| smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart | Endocardium |
| a clear watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane | Serous Fluid |
| specialized muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium of the heart that acts as a pacemaker | SA(sinoatrial) node |
| heart tissue that conducts the impulse from the bundle of his to the myocardium for contraction of the ventricles | Purkinje Fibers |
| the impulse which appears on an EKG which is the result of the atria contracting. | P wave |
| part of an ECG rhythm showing the result of the ventricles contracting | QRS wave (complex) |
| a graphical recording of the cardiac cycle | ECG (EKG) |
| represents the repolarization (or recovery) of the ventricles | T wave |
| An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body | Ischemia |
| rapid contractions of the heart muscle | Fibrillation |
| An abnormally rapid heart rate | Tachycardia |
| abnormally slow heartbeat | Bradycardia |
| a collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmits the electrical impulses from the AV node to the point of the apex. The bundle of His | AV Bundle |
| mass of specialized tissue located at the junction between the two upper chambers of the heart (atria) and the lower two chambers (ventricles) | AV node |
| upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae | Right Atrium |
| lower chamber of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta | Left Ventricle |
| valve with three cusps; situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle | Tricuspid valve |
| mitral valve: valve with two cusps; situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle | Bicuspid valve |
| upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins | Left Atrium |
| lower chamber of heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk | Right Ventricle |
| the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen | Type A blood |
| the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen | Type B blood |
| the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens | Type AB blood |
| the blood group whose red cells carry neither the A nor B antigens | Type O blood |
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