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Phonation-Physiology
S&HA&P PowerPoint 17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The larynx transforms _____ _______ into _______ _______. This process is called ________. | lung airstream, audible sounds, phonation |
| How is a glottal tone produced? | rapid closing and opening of the vibrating vocal folds periodically interrupting the air stream. It is later modified/shaped by articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus. |
| Bernoulli's law | if the airflow is constant, the velocity of flow must increase at the region of the constriction, but with a corresponding decrease of pressure perpendicular to the construction. (If airflow is constant, pressure increases when speed does.) |
| When air flows through the glottis, the vocal folds are _________________________________ on two conditions: | sucked together by negative pressure, 1)glottis is sufficiently narrow, 2)airflow is sufficiently high |
| vocal attack | the process of adducting the vocal folds for phonation |
| simultaneous vocal attack | adduction of vocal folds and onset of expiration occurs together (zoo) |
| breathy vocal attack | airflow begins before phonation (hyper); air flows before the vocal folds are completely closed |
| glottal vocal attack | adduction of the vocal folds happens before the air flow. commonly used when word begins with a stressed vowel (ok) |
| vocal termination | the process of abducting the vocal folds to end the process of phonation |
| steps of phonation | vocal attack, sustained phonation, vocal termination |
| pitch | the subjective perception of frequency |
| fundamental frequency (F0) | the natural frequency of oscillation for vocal folds depending on mass, length, and stiffness |
| The length of vocal folds can be ______ or ______ (by the ________ muscle/joints), which will respectively ______ and ______ the pitch | elongated, shortened, crico-thyroid) raise, lower |
| the vocal folds will produce a higher pitch when _______ and _______. | stretched and tensed |
| in males, the larynx becomes so prominent after puberty that... | the voice drops about one octave |
| the longer and thicker the vocal folds are, the lower the ______. | F0 (fundamental frequency) |
| puberphonia | maintenance of the childhood pitch despite having passed through puberty |
| loudness | the perception of pitch intensity measured in sound pressure |
| To yell, one needs to increase the ________ _______ and increase the ________ of the vocal fold. Therefore there is a correlation between ________ and _______. | subglottal pressure, tension, loudness, pitch |
| vocal registers | the larynx produces different vibratory patterns with particular pitches and characteristic sounds |
| normal voice | modal voice |
| modes of phonation that are not voiced | nil and whisper |
| nil phonation is when... | no sound is generated |
| nil phonation can be realized by... | blocking airflow from lungs with fully adducted vocal folds OR vocal folds widely abducted and airflow is laminar (no turbulence) |
| breath phonation | higher airflow speeds cause turbulences (e.g., /h/) |
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