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AD Art
Basic vocabulary of art
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Line | Path of a point moving through space |
Vertical line | Included in medieval churches to promote spiritual awe |
Shape | Two-dimensional area of an object |
Form | Three-dimensional area of an object |
Organic shapes | Freeform or irregularly shaped objects |
Shading and lighting | Used on the contours of a two-dimensional shape to create the illusion of form |
Aerial and atmospheric perspective | Accounts for air changing the appearance of distant objects |
Vanishing point | Point in a painting where lines converge and disappear |
Hue | Name of a color |
Secondary colors | Colors formed by mixing two of the three primary colors |
Color wheel | Sir Isaac Newton invented this tool in the seventeenth century to organize colors |
Value | Lightness or darkness of a color or neutral |
Neutrals | Black, white, and the grey continuum |
Intensity | Brightness or purity of a color |
Relativity | Property that makes one color look different next to another color |
Optical color | Effects of special light upon colors |
Actual and visual | Types of texture in art |
Rhythm | Sense of movement created in an artwork through repetition of elements |
Motif | Single element of pattern repeated to create rhythm |
Focal point | Place in a composition where the eye tends to rest |
Proportion | Size relationship among parts of a composition |
The human figure | The Classical Greeks used this standard as the measure of all things |
Paper | Modern artists most often draw upon this common, wood-based surface |
Charcoal | Drawing medium that is so soft the color of the paper shows through in areas where it is lightly applied |
Hatching and crosshatching | Shading that uses lines |
Stippling | Shading that uses a pattern of dots |
Pastels | Drawing medium that is soft and was popular for portraiture; came into heavy use around 1700s |
Intaglio printmaking | Printmaking process in which lines are incised into a matrix |
Lithography | Printmaking process that utilizes the oil-resistant nature of water |
Screen printing | Printmaking process in which ink is forced through stenciled silk with a squeegee |
Pigments, binders, and solvents | Materials that combine to make paint |
Buon fresco | Technique in which paint is applied to wet plaster |
Impasto | Thickly applied lumpy oil paint |
Encaustic | Wax-based paint fused with irons to Egyptian grave markers |
Tempera, watercolor, and gouache | Commonly used types of water-based paints |
Oil paint and turpentine | Some artists are allergic to these two substances, making acrylic paint important |
Photography | Development that caused painters to strive for hyper-realism |
Carving, modeling, casting, and construction | Basic ways of creating sculpture |
Relief, intaglio, lithographic, and screen prints | Printmaking processes that involve a "matrix" upon which the printed image is initially generated |
Carving | Bits of the original material are removed; subtractive sculpting |
Collage | Artwork that consists of a combination of any material that can be stuck to a surface |
Masks and ceremonial costumes | Traditional artwork that can also be considered mixed media |
Performance art | Emphasizes a unique, unrepeatable experience |
Pinching, coiling, slab, and throwing | Types of pottery processes |
Slip | Liquid clay applied to solid clay pieces to make them stick together |
Kiln | Special oven used for firing clay pieces |
Knitting, crocheting, and braiding | Weaving techniques that do not require a loom |
Silica | Glass is most often made from this material |
Glassblowing | Vases and bottles formed out of glass through this method |
Architects | Specialists who design structures and buildings |
Post-and-lintel construction | A long piece of stone or wood is placed horizontally upon two upright pieces |
Steel and concrete | Materials favored for urban developments |