Help
Options
Question
What are the two "zones" that the respiratory system is divided into?
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Where does the exchange of gas between air and blood occur? (which zone)
Remaining cards (39)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BLHVN respiratory
Respiratory physiology review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two "zones" that the respiratory system is divided into? | Respiratory and conducting |
| Where does the exchange of gas between air and blood occur? (which zone) | the respiratory zone |
| What are the 3 functions of "respiration"? | ventilation, gas exchange, and oxygen utilization |
| Define ventilation: | breathing; the mechanical process that moves air into and out of the lungs |
| Gas exchange occurs between: | occurs between the air and blood in the lungs and between the blood and other tissues of the body |
| Oxygen utilization during respiration: | the tissues liberate energy from the reactions of cell respiration |
| Ventilation and exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air and blood | external respiration |
| Gas exchange between the blood and other tissues and oxygen utilization by the tissues | internal respiration |
| Concentrations of oxygen in air and blood: | O2 is higher in air than in blood, so oxygen diffuses into the blood from the air |
| Concnetrations of carbon dioxide: | CO2 is higher in the blood than the air, so it diffuses OUT of the blood and into the air |
| How does gas exchange occur between the blood and air? | It occurs entirely by diffusion through lung tissue. |
| Gas exchange occurs across tiny (0.25 - 0.50 mm in diameter) air sacs called | alveoli |
| How many alveoli are in the lungs? | an estimated 300 million |
| What is the estimated surface are in the lungs? | 60-80 sq. meters or 760 sq. ft. |
| How thick is an alveolus? (singular for alveoli) | Only 1 cell layer. |
| How does the thinness of the alveolus affect the rate of diffusion? | It speeds it up |
| How thick is the air blood barrier? | An alveolar cell and a capillary endothelial cell (so about 2 micrometers)make up the air-blood barrier. |
| 2 types of alveolar cells: | Type I and Type II |
| Type I alveolar cells: | comprise 95-97% of the total surface area of the lung. Gas exchange with the blood primarily occurs through these cells. Very thin. |
| Type II alveolar cells: | are the cells that secrete pulmonary surfactant and that reabsorb sodium and water, preventing fluid buildup in the alveoli. |
| What is included in the respiratory zone? | the respiratory bronchioles (contain separate outpouchings of alveoli) and the terminal alveolar sacs. |
| What is included in the conducting zone? | it includes all of the anatomical structures through which air passes before reaching the respiratory zone. |
| Flow of air in the respiratory system | Air enters the mouth or nose, to the pharynx past the glottis, to the larynx, into the trachea, to the primary bronchi, to terminal bronchioles, to the alveoli |
| Sturdy tube supported by rings of cartilage | trachea |
| The cavity behind the palate that receives the contents of both the oral and nasal passages | pharynx |
| A valvelike opening between the vocal chords through which air must pass in order to enter or leave the trachea and lungs | glottis |
| The ventricular and vocal chords. Also called the voice box. Guards the entrance to the trachea. | Larynx |
| The largest cartilage of the larynx that projects at the front of the throat is commonly called the | adam's apple |
| The structures of the conducting zone serve additional functions such as: | warming and humidification of the inspired air, and filtration and cleaning. |
| Purpose of mucus secreted by the cells of the conducting zone: | the mucus traps small particles in the inspired air and thereby performs a filtration function |
| Diaphragm | a dome-shaped sheet of striated muscle. It divides the anterior body cavity into two parts: below the diaphragm is the abdominopelvic cavity and above it is the thoracic cavity. |
| Contains the liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, genitourinary tract, and other organs | abdominopelvic cavity |
| Contatins the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thyamus in the central region and is filled elsewhere by the right and left lungs | thoracic cavity |
| Central region | mediastium |
| Pleural membranes | two layers of wet epithelial membrane that envelope the central region/mediastium. When lungs are filled, the two membranes push against each other |
| parietal pleura | superficial layer, lines the inside of the thoracic wall. |
| visceral pleura | deep layer, covers the surface of the lungs |
| The movement of air into and out of the lungs occurs through | pressure differences induced by changes in lung volumes |
| Physical properties of the lungs that influence ventilation | elasticity, compliance, and surface tension |
| Airflow through bronchioles proportions: | is directly proportional to the pressure difference and inversely proportional to the frictional resistance to flow (air flow = delta P/ fric. resistance) |
Created by:
Breanna.Terrell
Popular Physiology sets